Deposition of aerosols

Chamberlain, A. C, "Aspects of Travel and Deposition of Aerosol and Vapour Clouds, Atomic Energy Research Establishment HP/R-1261. Her Majesty s Stationery Office, l.on-... 

Several groups investigated the use of liposomes for the intra-pulmonary delivery. Farr et al. (1985) showed that the deposition of aerosolized liposomes in the human lung depends on the aerosol particle size. Short-term retention profiles for MLVs and SUVs deposited in the lung were indicative of clearance via the mucociliary transport mechanism. 

GA Ferron, G Oberdorster, R Henneberg. Estimation of the deposition of aerosolized drugs in the human respiratory tract due to hygroscopic growth. J Aerosol Med 2 271-283, 1989. 

TF Hatch, P Gross. Physical factors in respiratory deposition of aerosols. In Pulmonary Deposition and Retention of Inhaled Aerosols. New York Academic Press, 1964, pp. 27 43. 

In general, slow, deep inhalation followed by a period of breath holding increases the deposition of aerosols in the peripheral parts of the lungs, whereas rapid inhalation increases the deposition in the oropharynx and in the large central airways. Thus, the frequency of respiration (the flow velocity) and the depth of breath (tidal volume) influence the pattern of pulmonary penetration and deposition of inhaled aerosols. Therefore, an aerosol of ideal size will penetrate deeply into the respiratory tract and the lungs only when the aerosols are inhaled in the correct manner (Sackner, 1978 and Sackner et al., 1975). 

Agnew, J.E. (1984). Physical properties and mechanisms of deposition of aerosols. In Aerosols and the Lung, Clinical Aspects (Clarke, S.W. and Pavia, D., Eds.). Butterworth, London, pp. 49-68. 

Stahlhofen, W., Gebhart, J. and Heyder, J. (1980). Experimental determination of the regional deposition of aerosol particles in the human respiratory tract. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 41 385-398. 

D3. Dawkins, G. S., Electrostatic effects in the deposition of aerosols on cylindrical shapes, Univ. of Illinois Eng. Exptl. Sta. Tech. Rept. 15, AEC Rept. COO-1017, Contr. AT(ll-l)-276 (1958). 

Leong BKJ, Coombs JK, Sabaitis CP, Rop DA, Aaron CS (1998) Quantitative morphometric analysis of pulmonary deposition of aerosol particles inhaled via intratracheal nebulization, intratracheal instillation or nose-only inhalation in rats. J Appl Toxicol 18 149-160. 

Edwards R, Sedwick PN, Morgan V, Boutron CF, Hong S (1998) Iron in ice cores from Law Dome, east Antarctica implications for past deposition of aerosol iron. Ann Glaciol 27 365-370 Filer JM (2001) Oxygen isotope variations of basaltic lavas and upper mantle rocks. Rev Mineral Geochem 43 319-364... 

PCDD/Fs are transported to the ocean primarily via effluent discharges, stormwater runoff and by wet and dry deposition of aerosols. Because of their high molecular weight and low volatiUty most PCDD/F contamination is local, with adsorption onto sediments being the primary sink, although transport to the Arctic is occurring. 

A great deal is known about the deposition of aerosol particles in the lung and their later clearance. Less is known about the uptake of gases such as ozone and other oxidants that can react with biopolymers in the... 

Altshuler, B. Calculation of regional deposition of aerosol in the respiratory tract. Bull. Math. Biophys. 21 257-270, 1959. 

Davies, C. N. An algebraical model for the deposition of aerosols in the human respiratory tract during steady breathing. J. Aerosol Sci. 3 297-306, 1972. 

Kliment, V., J. Libich, and V. Kaudersova. Geometry of guinea pig respiratory tract and application of Landahl s model of deposition of aerosol particles. J. Hyg. Epidemiol. Microbiol. Immunol. 16 107-114, 1972. 

Calcium and/or magnesium sulphates can originate from dry deposition of aerosols, from deposition of dust or from sulphur-containing rocks in the catchment. Since carbonate seems not to be the only calcium and magnesium source, the alkalinity consumption calculated earlier must be considered as an overestimation. 

Purification consists of removal of gaseous impurities by means of absorption or adsorption processes (such as by activated charcoal) Refs 1) F. Fraas O.C. Ralston, I EC 32, v 600—04(1940) (Ekectrostatic sepn of solids from gases) 2) H.F. Johnstone M,H. Roberts, IEC 41, 2417(1949) (Deposition of aerosol particles from moving gas streams)... 

Matthys, H. and Kohler, D. (1985). Pulmonary deposition of aerosols by different mechanical devices. Respiration, 48, 269-276. 

Hounam, R.F., Black, A. Walsh, M. (1971) The deposition of aerosol particles in the nasopharyngeal region of the human respiratory tract. Journal of Aerosol Science, 2, 47-61. 

Condos, R., F.P. Hull, N.W. Schluger, W.N. Rom, and G.C. Smaldone. 2004. Regional deposition of aerosolized interferon-gamma in pulmonary tuberculosis. Chest 125 2146—2155. 

Evidence is available from satellites, surface deposition of aerosol sulfate and reduced visibility (6., 7, 8) for long-range transport of acidifying pollutants from numerous sources. During the winter, approximately 20 percent of the emissions from tall power plant stacks in northeastern United States may remain elevated and relatively coherent for more than a day and over 500 km (9). 

I. Salma, I. Balashazy, R. Winkler-Heil, W. Hofmann, Gy. Zaray, Effect of particle mass size distribution on the deposition of aerosols in the human respiratory system,... 

Palmes, E. D., Goldring, R. M., Wang, C., and Altshuler, B. (1970), Effect of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on rate of deposition of aerosols in the lung during breath holding, Inhaled Part., 1,123-130. 

Experimental data on the deposition of aerosols in vivo have been described by Lippman and colleagues [84-86]. Lippman noted that, among normal subjects and nonbronchitic smokers, each individual has a characteristic and reproducible deposition pattern with respect to particle size. This contrasts with the great variation from subject to subject among cigarette smokers and... 

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