Depletion effect

When the stoichiometry of the new phase differs from that of the parent phase, the change of composition will lead to the depletion in the parent phase. The mole fractions C and Cp of species B in the new and parent phases, irrespective to morphology, are interrelated by the matter conservation condition  

Here Vi = Ait13 is the volume of the nucleus, and the atomic densities are assumed to be equal n = wi. In all models of the present chapter, at any moment and at any size of the growing nucleus, the mole fraction distribution is supposed to be steplike (without transient layers) so that the concentration is treated as uniform within each phase. 

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T. Biben, P. Bladon, D. Frenkel. Depletion effects in binary hard-sphere fluids. J Phys Condens Matter 2.T0799-10821, 1996. 

The formed mixture is composed of trichlorofluoromethane (Freon-11) and dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon-12). These compounds are used as aerosols and as refrigerants. Due to the depleting effect of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) on the ozone layer, the production of these compounds may be reduced appreciably. 

The results of the studies reviewed here show that the neurotoxic effects of MDMA generalize to the primate. Further, they indicate that monkeys are considerably more sensitive than rats to the serotonin-depleting effects of MDMA, and that the dose-response curve of MDMA in the monkey is much steeper than in the rat. Perhaps as a consequence of this, the toxic effects of MDMA in the monkey involve serotonergic nerve fibers as well as cell bodies, whereas in the rat, only nerve fibers are affected. The present studies also show that the toxic dose of MDMA in the monkey... 

COMMENT I would dispute it within the dopamine system itself And I would dispute it about Parkinson s disease. I think that if you did a proper neuropsychological exam that you would pick up even smaller depletion effects. I think if you are looking for an overt complete terminal Parkinson situation, yes, you need a 99 percent depletion. But part of the problem is that the Parkinson situation involves not only the nigrostriatal system but also the mesolimbic dopamine system. There are plenty of studies in rats, and it is very easy to produce a Parkinsonian rat with a very discrete... 

The effect of increasing y is to increase the diffusion coefficient of the solute in phase 2 compared to that in phase 1. For a given value of this means that when a SECMIT measurement is made, the higher the value of y the less significant are depletion effects in phase 2 and the concentrations at the target interface are maintained closer to the initial bulk values. Consequently, as y increases, the chronoamperometric and steady-state currents increase from a lower limit, characteristic of an inert interface, to an upper limit corresponding to rapid interfacial solute transfer, with no depletion of phase 2. 

For a fluid at a hard wall this implies p(r) = constant. As expected, because the theory leaves out the entropic effects of confinement, namely chain connectivity, it is in qualitative error for the depletion effects" for a polymer at a surface [118-120]. 

Figure 1. Illustration of depletion effects for two plates in a solution of nonadsorbing polymer of volume fraction < >. A is the depletion thickness.

Arrhenius plot plot of the logarithm of the reaction rate constant k versus the reciprocal of the absolute temperature T the plot is a straight line with slope of -Ea/R for uncomplicated reactions without autocatalysis or inhibitor depletion effects. 

In an earlier example, we used only one effect clause. Here, we have split the cause from the effect. First, we ve invented an effect name depletion (p) as a placeholder name for any action (no matter where defined) that causes stocks of p to be reduced An invariant effect clause tells which (unknown) actions are considered to have the depletion effect. Second, we have defined a postcondition for depletion in the usual way for an effect This says that we require to perform the make order action. 

Any operation that decreases stock must have "depletion effect... 

At moderate to high polymer concentrations, the free polymer chains in the solution may begin to exercise an influence. One such effect is the so-called depletion flocculation caused by the exclusion of polymer chains in the region between two particles when the latter are very close to each other (i.e., at surface-to-surface distances less than or equal to approximately the radius of gyration of the polymer chains). The depletion effect is an osmotic effect and is discussed further in Section 13.6. 

Since GSH conjugation is an important pathway in butadiene metabolism, several laboratories have investigated the GSH-depleting effect of butadiene. 

A study was also made of release with equal diffusion coefficients in the coating and the kernel. The description of delay time is much the same as in the previous case. Figure 13 illustrates this similarity in delay time, as well as later release behavior. In this case also, the t1/2 plot shows a long linear region. The reason is probably that depletion effects are reasonably followed by this function and not that there is kernel... 

Reactivity Control. The movable boron-carbide control rods are sufficient to provide reactivity control from the cold shutdown condition to the full-load condition. Supplementary reactivity control in the form of solid burnable poison is used only to provide reactivity compensation for fuel burnup or depletion effects. The movable control rod system is capable of bringing the reactor to the subcritieal when the reactor is an ambient temperature (cold), zero power, zero xenon, and with the strongest control rod fully withdrawn from the core. In order to provide greater assurance that this condition can be met in the operating reactor, the core is designed to obtain a reactivity of less than 0.99, or a 1% margin on the stuck rod condition. See Fig. 7. 

Deviation of a capillary from a vertical position changes its drop time considerably. The horizontally positioned DME was originally used by Smoler [9]. Shielding and depletion effects are diminished to some extent, and current oscillations are much smaller. Probably the best performance is observed when the electrode position deviates 45° from the vertical however, opinions about such electrodes vary [10]. In some experiments, electrodes with small mercury flow rates are helpful. For these electrodes, the probability of the appearance of polarographic maxima is diminished. When m is very low, the drop time is usually very long. In such cases, artificial regulation of the drop time should be used (see Sec. II.F). 

Figure 16. Examples of deposition shapes in pyrolytic-laser-assisted CVD (a) first-order surface reaction, no mass-transfer effects (b) first-order surface reaction, depletion effects and (c) Langmuir-Hinshelwood surface kinetics, no mass transfer effects. The ratio r/w is the radial position relative to the beam...

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