Bridges, dental

Determine if the patient has any dentures, dental bridges, or loose teeth. 

In recent years, dental research has been focused on dental implants and artificial teeth rooted in a patient s jaw allowing for a permanent denture, as alternatives to bridges or false teeth. A wide array of materials including polymers such as UHMWPE, PTFE, and PET have been used in many types of existing dental implants [54,119]. Porous polymeric surfaces are now designed to facilitate bone integration [54], Other dental applications of polymeric biomaterials have been for the development of a dental bridge, meant as a partial denture or false teeth. In extreme cases, removable dentures fabricated from PMMA are used to overcome the loss of all teeth [203]. 

N. Bjork, K. Ekstrand, I.E. Ruyter, Implant-fixed, dental bridges from carbon/graphite fibre reinforced poly(methyl methacrylate). Biomaterials 7 (1986) 73-75. 

Nowak, M. D., Haser, K., and Golberg, A. J. (1999), Finite element analysis of fiber composite dental bridges The effect of length/depth ratio and load application method, 1999 Advances in Bioengineering pp. 249-250. Nowak, M. D., and Logan, S. E. (1991), Distinguishing biomechanical properties of intrinsic and extrinsic human... 

The IPS EMPRESS glass-ceramic is used worldwide to fabricate inlays, onlays, anterior and posterior crowns, and veneers. The material is not recommended for fabricating multi-unit dental bridges. Figure 4-34 shows four IPS EMPRESS inlays/onlays in a clinical situation. The clinical results of a six-year study show that the failure rate is approximately 2-3%. Most of the problems experienced thus far have been traced to preparation errors. An outline of the clinical results is presented by Brodbeck (1996). IPS EMPRESS is produced by Ivoclar Vivadent AG (Liechtenstein). 

Figure 4-47 Postoperative view of IPS EMPRESS 2 restoration (three-unit bridge), a) Clinical situation (courtesy Sorensen), b) Three-unit bridge on a mirror (courtesy Edelhofl)-c) and d) Dental bridges of IPS EMPRESS 2 (c) in comparison to a bridge of a metal framework (d) (courtesy Edelhoff).

Dental bridge Ultrahighmolecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), carbon, glass, aramid w, n... 

In dentistry, palladium alloys are widely used as alternatives to base metal alloys in the manufacture of crowns and bridges as weU as the replacement of lost or damaged teeth (see Dental materials). Such alloys contain over 80% palladium, and hence offer significant cost benefits over alloys containing a high proportion of gold. 

Cobalt—Chromium Alloys. Co—Cr and Ni—Cr alloys are used predominately for the casting of removable partial dentures fixed partial dentures (bridges), crowns, and inlays are also cast. Because of high hardness, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance cobalt-chromium alloys are used for bite adjustments and as serrated inserts in plastic teeth used in fliU dentures. These alloys are well tolerated by the body and also are used for dental implants and orthopedic implant alloys. 

Uses. Dental solders and fluxes are used to join orthodontic wires, fasten attachments to partial dentures, repair castings units, and join crown and bridge units either before or after the appHcation of porcelain. They may also be used to repair fixed and removable dental appHances. 

Various materials are used in dental prosthetic practice for the preparation of dental implants, crowns, and bridges. Some of these materials contain copper, which is added in order to improve mechanical or/and chemical properties, but some of them may contain the copper as an impurity. Considering the fact that dental implants remain in the oral cavity for a long time, and that they are exposed to the corrosive action of oral fluids and various kinds of food and beverages, it is necessary to check their possible harmful effects upon the human health. 

Anusavice, K. J. Council on Dental Materials, Instruments and Equipment Report on Base Metal Alloys for Crown and Bridge Applications Benefits and Risks , Journal of the American Dental Association, 111, 479-483 (1985)... 

It is used for luting, lining and as a periodontal pack. Indeed, it can be used to replace the zinc phosphate dental cement in all applications with the possible exception of post crowns (crowns which are placed on a metal post placed in the tooth root) and cantilever bridges (Smith, 1982a). 

Gulabivala, K., Setchell, D. J. Davies, E. H. (1987). An application of the jet test method for the evaluation of disintegration of dental luting cements in marginal gaps analogous to those of crowns and bridges. Clinical Materials,... 

Bisphenols is a broad term that includes many chemicals with the common chemical structure of two phenolic rings joined together by a bridging carbon. Bisphenol A is a monomer widely used in the manufacture of epoxy and phenolic resins, polycarbonates, polyacrylates and corrosion-resistant unsaturated polyester-styrene resins. It can be found in a diverse range of products, including the interior coatings of food cans and filters, water containers, dental composites and sealants. [4]. BPA and BP-5 were selected for testing by the whole... 

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