Denmark trading

STEVENS URETHANE UK,DEPT.OF TRADE IND. UK,LABORATORY OF THE GOVERNMENT CHEMIST SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON TOXICITY,ECOTOXICITY ENVIRONMENT AMERICAN COUNCIL ON SCIENCE HEALTH EUROPEAN COMMISSION TNO PLASTICS RUBBER RESEARCH INSTITUTE DENMARK EU EUROPEAN COMMUNITY EUROPEAN UNION FRANCE NETHERLANDS SCANDINAVIA UK USA WESTERN EUROPE WESTERN EUROPE-GENERAL... 

After these first two prominent countries in the European allocation process, we turn to a set of three smaller countries, two of which, Denmark and Sweden, like the UK, have some experience with emissions trading and governments strongly supportive of climate policy, and a third, Ireland, the government of which was committed to being an early mover in part because Ireland held the presidency of the EU Council in the first half of 2004 when the NAPs were due to be submitted. 

Denmark stands out in a number of respects. It is the only Member State for which an existing national emissions trading programme... 

In the field of greenhouse gases Denmark and the United Kingdom had developed and implemented national trading schemes. 

This chapter presents lessons learnt in connection with the national allocation plan for Denmark (Ministry of Environment 2004). Section 1.1 outlines some particular features of the Danish energy sector and the historical CO2 emissions. Section 1.2 describes the previous experience with emissions trading in Denmark, and Section 1.3 describes the process and milestones in the production of the Danish National Allocation Plan (NAP). 

Previous experience with emissions cap-and-trade in Denmark... 

In the four-year period 2001-2004, a domestic CO2 cap-and-trade scheme was operating in Denmark. In many ways, this scheme resembles the European ETS now in operation. The main differences are that the Danish domestic scheme only applied to electricity producers over... 

Thus, CO2 emissions cap-and-trading was already a well-known instrument, at least for electricity producers, and had also been discussed for a number of years outside the electricity sector. This fact is likely to have contributed to the smooth implementation of the emissions trading directive in Denmark (see the next section). 

It came as a surprise that it was not entirely clear from the Directive which installations were covered by emissions trading. Denmark has -like a little more than half the Member States - chosen to use the Commission s definition of combustion installation , whereas the remaining Member States implemented a more narrow definition. This has led to... 

In the political discussions prior to the first Danish NAP, this problem was raised by some stakeholders and politicians. It was stated in the Danish emissions trading legislation that if the Commission should change its definition of the Directive s scope, the Danish government would be prepared to change the legislation in order to secure that the scope of the Directive was the same in Denmark as in other Member States. 

A survey of chemical exposure in the workplace in Denmark estimated that there were a total of 55,000 exposures to 2-butoxyethanol in 1989 (Brandorff et al. 1995). The industry groups in which exposures occurred were as follows the manufacture of fabricated metal parts electrical machinery and apparatus the manufacture of transport equipment painters and carpenters construction, publishing, and printing wholesale trade the manufacture of textiles and leather the manufacture of wood and furniture the manufacture of chemicals the manufacture of paints, petroleum, and bitumen products the... 

Traditionally, the AKs cooperate closely with the trade unions however, there is also an AK for the self-employed. Membership must not be made to depend on the applicant s affiliation with a trade union, but the latter may require its members to join the corresponding AK. Among other criteria, membership is possible from the age of 18-63, and is preconditioned on a gainful activity in the sector represented by the AK as well as on residence in Denmark. Standard contribution amounts do not exist depending on the insurant s age and employment status (e g. recipient of early [partial] retirement benefit - efterlori), the annual amount ranges from 4.8 to 7 times the daily unemployment benefit (dagpenge) to be claimed by the insurant upon occurrence of the risk. 

ATP shuttles to and fro throughout cells, and is "traded" during chemical reactions. These molecular transactions drive reactions forward to make a product. Several decades of work earned three scientists — Paul Boyer of the University of California, Los Angeles, John Walker of the Medical Research Council in the United Kingdom, and Jens Skou of the University of Aarhus in Denmark—the Nobel Prize for figuring out how the motor, a molecule... 

Total trade in live, fresh, and frozen mnssel is expanding, and reached almost 237,703 tons in vol-nme of exportation in 2004. Of this, 46% are fresh mussels. Main exporting conntry is Netherlands, followed by Spain, New Zealand, and Denmark. Other countries such as China, Germany, United Kingdom, and Ireland export abont 15,000 tons of fresh mussels per year. 

Canned mussel exports are completely Europe based, and practically all intra-EU trade. Canned exports in qnantity fluctuates quite a bit between 26,000 tons and 30,000 tons. Denmark is the most important exporter of canned mussels accounting for about one-third of the total. In value terms, the canned mussel trade represents about 29,608 tons and US 113 million in volume of exportation, which would give a unit valne of US 3.82/kg. Spain, being such an important producer, seems to consume the entire canned mnssel production inside the country. Main canned mussel importers are France and Italy. Most of these canned mussel products go to the restaurants for antipasti and other preparations where canned mnssels are easy to be used [1]. 

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