Deltamethrin persistence

Marei, A.E.M., L.O. Ruzo, and J.E. Casida. 1982. Analysis and persistence of permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and fenvalerate in the fat and brain of treated rats. Jour. Agricul. Food Chem. 30 558-562. 

Saleh, M.A., N.A. Ibrahim, N.Z. Soliman, and M.K.E. Sheimy. 1986. Persistence and distribution of cyper-methrin, deltamethrin, and fenvalerate in laying chickens. Jour. Agricul. Food Chem. 34 895-898. 

Table 2 shows the relative toxicities of leading pyrethroids when applied topically to houseflies, deltamethrin being one of the most potent pyrethroids commercialised. More recent product introductions have been flumethrin and cyhalothrin. 1998 global sales of pyrethroids were 190m, they are particularly attractive products for tick control giving rapid clean-up and persistent efficacy. 

Deltamethrin (synthetic pyrethroid) is available as a prepared solution for spot-on application to sheep and is effective against lice, keds, ticks and blowfly (Calliphora, Lucilia) larvae. Cyromazine, a prepared solution for pour-on application to sheep, is effective against blowfly larvae because of the persistence of the drug, it is particularly indicated for the prevention of blowfly strike. Cyromazine protects sheep against blowfly strike (Lucilia cuprina) for up... 

Molinari, G.P. (1990). Persistence of deltamethrin residues in stored cereals. In Proceedings of the 5rh Inremtiriortal Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, Bordeuu x, France. 199(), vol. 1, pp. 5 71 -5 77. 

In the last century, the development of organophosphorus, carbamate, and organochloride insecticides was followed by synthetic pyrethroids. As a result, pyrethroids are now used frequently in the domestic milieu. Pyrethroid insecticides are synthetically derived from the molecular structure or sharing the same mechanism of action of natural pyrethrins that have broader spectmm of activity, more stability, and residual activity (persists longer than that of natural pyrethrins) and include the following allethrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, flumethrin, fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate, and permethrin (see structure in Fig. 137.2). They are lipophilic compounds and generally of low acute oral toxicity to mammals but are very toxic to aquatic organisms. When synthetic pyrethroids are administered to mammals parenterally, the synthetic pyrethroids are neurotoxic. 

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