Dehydrogenases evolution

J. Hempel, H. Nicholas, H. Jomvall, Thiol Proteases and Aldehyde Dehydrogenases Evolution from a Common Thioesterase Precursor , Proteins Struct., Funct., Genet. 1991,11, 176-183. 

G Wu, A Eiser, B ter Kuile, A Sail, M Muller. Convergent evolution of Trichomonas vaginalis lactate dehydrogenase from malate dehydrogenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 6285-6290, 1999. 

Wachtershanser has also suggested that early metabolic processes first occurred on the surface of pyrite and other related mineral materials. The iron-sulfur chemistry that prevailed on these mineral surfaces may have influenced the evolution of the iron-sulfur proteins that control and catalyze many reactions in modern pathways (including the succinate dehydrogenase and aconitase reactions of the TCA cycle). 

Directed evolution of enzymes has been used to improve the reducing function of the enzymes. For example, this method was used to eliminate the cofactor requirement of B. stearothermophillus lactate dehydrogenase, which is activated in the presence of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate [12]. The activator is expensive and representative of the sort of cofactor complications that are undesirable in industrial processes. Three rounds of random mutagenesis and screening produced a mutant that is almost fully... 

Mediators can be nsed in certain cases when the enzyme does not interact with a substrate directly. Thus, in the presence of dehydrogenase inunobilized on carbon black, cathodic hydrogen evolution can be realized only when adding methylviolo-gen to the solution. The enzyme rednces methylviologen, while the reduced form of this mediator in turn reduces protons to gaseous hydrogen in the solution layer next to the electrode. 

Woodyer, R., van der Donk, W.A. and Zhao, H.M. (2006) Optimizing a biocatalyst for improved NAD(P)H regeneration directed evolution of phosphite dehydrogenase. Combinatorial Chemistry High Throughput Screening, 9, 237-245. 

Pasqualini JR, Chetrite G, Nguyen BL, Maoloche C, Delalonde M, Talbi M, Feinstein MC, Blacker C, Botella J and Paris J (1995) Estrone sulfate-sulfatase and 17/3-hidroxis teroid dehydrogenase activities a hypothesis for their role in the evolution of human breast cancer from hormone-dependence to hormone-independence. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 53 407... 

The molecular basis of medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency survey and evolution of 985A—G transition, and identification of five rare types of mutation within the medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene. 

Gupta M, Polinsky M, Senephansiri H, Snead OC, Jansen EEW, Jakobs C, Gibson KM (2004) Seizure evolution and amino acid imbalances in murine succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency. Neurobiol Dis 16 556-562... 

Madern D, Cai X, Abrahamsen MS, Zhu G (2004) Evolution of Cryptosporidium parvum lactate dehydrogenase from malate dehydrogenase by a very recent event of gene duplication. Mol Biol Evol 21 489-497... 

This study should be considered in relation with the Jester study [16] on rabbits. The latter suggests that the postnatal development of the comeal transparency of rabbits might be associated with the decline of the density of keratocytes, with their evolution toward resting state and with their excretion of two water soluble proteins class lAl dehydrogenase aldehyde and transketolase. 

Goward, C.R. Nicholls, D.J. (1994) Malate dehydrogenase a model for structure, evolution, and catalysis. Protein Sci. 3, 1883-1888. 

This result suggests that oxygen is utilized by moiecules such as NADPH-dehydrogenase, or consumed in processes such as photorespiration. It is noteworthy that the maximum value of hydrogen evolution is 10 times larger than that of oxygen evolution. 

Evolution of MR from MLE and possibly (S)-ManDH from benzoate dihydrodiol dehydrogenase points to the relevance of the enzyme mechanism for catalytic reactivity. If the chemistry is right, the remaining necessary enhancement of specificity, i.e., the enhancement of binding of substrate, is the simpler task, in contrast to the procedure for design of catalytic antibodies. 

Figure 4 Evolution of the P-decarboxylating dehydrogenase gene family.

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