Normal/45 degree measurement

Drape. Drape is closely related to fabric hand. Whereas hand is based on tactile criteria, drape refers more to a fabric s appearance by its tendency to fall into graceful, three-dimensional folds. Fabric drape depends to a laige degree on the same properties that influence hand, ie, flexural rigidity, thickness, and compressibility. Although stiffness is normally measured in a single direction, drape implies bending in all directions. 

The effect is normally one of degree. The measurement of a corrosion potential does not influence the surface condition. Electrochemical noise and impedance measurements carried out at the corrosion potential also have little effect as does a polarization resistance measurement if the perturbation is small, although rest potential drift may be a problem if potential control techniques are used. Techruques involving large potential differences will in general modify a surface significantly. 

This attribute defines the number of times the tag ean be reprogrammed. This programming cycle is normally measured at a standard temperature (25 degrees). 

The particle concentration of the eluent is normally measured by means of infrared or ultraviolet photometers. Additionally, fluorescence photometer, interferometric measurements (for the refractive index), or mass-spectroscopic methods (e.g. induced coupled plasma mass spectroscopy—ICP-MS, Plathe et al. 2010) are employed. The combination of different detection systems offers an opportunity for a detailed characterisation of multi-component particle systems. Note that the classification by FFF is not ideal and the relevant material properties are not always known moreover, the calibration of FFF is rather difficult. The attribution of particle size to residence time, thus, bears some degree of uncertainty. Recent developments of FFF instrumentation, therefore, include a particle-sizing technique additional to the flow channel and the quantity measurement (usually static and dynamic light scattering, Wyatt 1998 Cho and Hackley 2010). 

The normal boiling point of 2-methylthiazole is 17 0= 128.488 0.005°C. The purity of various thiazoles was determined cryometrically by Handley et al. (292), who measured the precise melting point of thiazole and its monomethyl derivatives. Meyer et al. (293, 294) extended this study and, from the experimental diagrams of crystallization (temperature/degree of crystallization), obtained the true temperatures of crystallization and molar enthalpies of fusion of ideally pure thiazoles (Table 1-43). 

In petrochemical plants, fans are most commonly used ia air-cooled heat exchangers that can be described as overgrown automobile radiators (see HeaT-EXCHANGEtechnology). Process fluid ia the finned tubes is cooled usually by two fans, either forced draft (fans below the bundle) or iaduced draft (fans above the bundles). Normally, one fan is a fixed pitch and one is variable pitch to control the process outlet temperature within a closely controlled set poiat. A temperature iadicating controller (TIC) measures the outlet fluid temperature and controls the variable pitch fan to maintain the set poiat temperature to within a few degrees. 

Polyolefin melts have a high degree of viscoelastic memory or elasticity. First normal stress differences of polyolefins, a rheological measure of melt elasticity, are shown in Figure 9 (30). At a fixed molecular weight and shear rate, the first normal stress difference increases as MJM increases. The high shear rate obtained in fine capillaries, typically on the order of 10 , coupled with the viscoelastic memory, causes the filament to swell (die swell or... 

An alternative method is to fit the best straight line through the linearized set of data assoeiated with distributional models, for example the Normal and 3-parameter Weibull distributions, and then ealeulate the correlation coejficient, r, for eaeh (Lipson and Sheth, 1973). The eorrelation eoeffieient is a measure of the degree of (linear) assoeiation between two variables, x and y, as given by equation 4.4. 

Training for all staff, covering both normal operation and emergency situations, is essential. The combination of measures used will depend upon the degree of hazard, and the scale and nature of the processes. For example, dust and fume control measures in the rubber industry are summarized in Table 5.19. 

Heat transfer between gas and sohds is exceedingly hard to measure because it is so rapid. Although the coefficient is low, the available surface area and the relative specific heat of solid to gas are so large that temperature equilibration occurs almost instantaneously. Experiments on injection of argon plasmas into fluidized beds have shown quenching rates of up to fifty million degrees Kelvin per second. Thus, in a properly designed bed, gas to solids heat transfer is not normally a matter of concern. 

For a removal attempt a molecule is selected irrespective of its orientation. To enhance the efficiency of addition attempts in cases where the system possesses a high degree of orientational order, the orientation of the molecule to be added is selected in a biased way from a distribution function. For a system of linear molecules this distribution, say, g u n ), depends on the unit vector u parallel to the molecule s symmetry axis (the so-called microscopic director [70,71]) and on the macroscopic director h which is a measure of the average orientation in the entire sample [72]. The distribution g can be chosen in various ways, depending on the physical nature of the fluid (see below). However, g u n ) must be normalized to one [73,74]. In other words, an addition is attempted with a preferred orientation of the molecule determined by the macroscopic director n of the entire simulation cell. The position of the center of mass of the molecule is again chosen randomly. According to the principle of detailed balance the probability for a realization of an addition attempt is given by [73]... 

A graticule is normally provided on the screen to assist in the measurement. Parallax errors can cause problems unless this graticule is actually engraved on the screen itself, and the final accuracy will depend on the degree of beam focusing which can be achieved. Accuracy of better than 1.5 per cent should be possible in most cases. 

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