Degradation lifetime prediction

L. Matisova-Rychla and J. Rychly, Inherent relations of chemiluminescence and thermooxidation of polymers, In R.L. Clough, N.C. Billingham and K.T. Gillen (Eds.), Advances in Chemistry, Series 249 Polymer Durability, Degradation, Stabilization and Lifetime Prediction. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1996, p. 175. 

Johnston RT, Morrison EJ (1996) In Clough RL, Billingham NC, Gillens KT (eds) Polymer durability degradation, stabilisation and lifetime prediction, Advances in Chem Series-249. American Chemical Society, Washington, p 651... 

S. Halim Hamid and I. Hussain, Lifetime prediction of plastics. In Handbook of Polymer Degradation, 2nd edn., S.S. Halim Hamid (ed.), Dekker, New York, pp. 699-726, (2000). 

Schwetlick K and Habicher W D (1996) Action mechanism of phosphite and phosphonite stabilizers, In Polymer durability degradation, stabilization and lifetime prediction, Clough R L, Billingham N C and Gillen K T (Eds), Adv Chem Ser 249 349-358. 

The experimental data for molecular weight and L/Lo agree well with the hydrolytic degradation predictive model for Estane as shown in Figure 10. Ongoing experimental work validating the Estane hydrolysis model for Estane binder will contribute to providing a robust lifetime prediction for PBX 9501 explosives. 

B. Ivan, Degradation, Stabilization and Lifetime prediction. In Polymer Durability, R. Clough, R. C. Billingham, K. T. Gillen (eds) Advances in Chemistry, American Chemical Society Washington, D.C., 1995 19-32. 

Lifetime Prediction of Elastomer for Radiation-Induced Degradation by Time Accelerated Method... 

Adams, M. R. Carton, A. Far-Ultraviolet Degradation of Selected Polymers. In Polymer Durability Degradation, Stabilization, and Lifetime Prediction Clough, R. L., Billingham, N. C., Gillen, K. T., Eds. Advances in Chemistry Series 249 American Chemical Society Washington, DC, 1996 pp 139-158. 

Although cyclic environmental chamber test procedures may suffice for failure processes Involving, for example, mechanical stress, kinetic controlled processes dependent upon time and temperature such as oxidation and diffusion do not lend themselves to adequate Identification and analysis based solely on number of cycles. Thus Sandia National Laboratories developed an accelerated aging protocol for environmental testing which (1) identifies material incompatibilities and subsequent failure modes in Phase I and (2) proceeds with kinetic analysis of the Arrhenius type of failure mode processes which allow extrapolation necessary for lifetime prediction of components in Phase II. Thus two phases are necessary in a complete analysis to accurately predict system lifetimes. The accelerated aging protocol requires the Identification of the stresses that are most likely to damage the performance of the component under test. However, data is frequently not available on the performance of a system under a particular stress. When this is the case, it becomes necessary to make predictions of those stresses most likely to cause degradation and then test to see if the stresses selected are dominant. 

As an input for this model, one has to understand the fundamentals of performance losses and degradation. Specific experimental data is needed, to correlate degradation and deterioration phenomena to operating conditions for stationary applications, and identify the paths leading to failure phenomena. This experimental part is an effort to obtain data on degradation quantitatively and reproducibly, since the understanding of kinetics of various degradation processes are the key of final performance and lifetime prediction. 

Celina M. Review of polymer oxidation and its relationship with materials performance and lifetime prediction. Polym Degrad Stab 2013 98 2419-2429. 

MaHk J, Tuan DQ, Spirk E. Lifetime prediction for HALS-stabihzed LDPE and PP. Polym Degrad Stab 1995 47 (l) l-8. 

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