Deformation methods

Affine deformation method, description, 109 Agitated glass ampule method apparatus, 510,511/312 limitations, 515... 

The ultrasonic rolling or ball treatment process is similar to conventional ball deformation methods, in which a roller (or a ball) is pressed onto the surface of a work-piece moving specifically with respect to the tool. The only difference between ultrasonic and conventional processes is that in the former the pressure applied is also subjected to ultrasonic vibrations. 

L. Piela, Deformation Methods of Global Optimization in Chemistry and Physics, in Handbook of Global Optimization, vol. 2, ed. by P.M. Pardalos, H.E. Romeijn, H.E. Romeijn, H.E. Romeijn (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2002), p. 461. ISBN 1-4020-0742-6... 

Large deformation methods usually are based on the determination of the amount of applied force required to induce a change in a sample. Parameters determined include hardness, spreadability, cutting force, or yield force (4). One such method involves the compression of a sample between two parallel plates to determine relative hardness values via the measurement of yield force. 

Fig. 10 Deformation methods to produce ultrahigh modulus materials.

Several methods have been described for measuring the bending modulus of hbers. The balanced hber method of Scott and Robbins [73,74] appears to be the easiest to handle experimentally (except for very curly hair) and provides less scatter than the other methods [74], The vibrating-reed method (oscillating hber cantilever) has also been used with human hair [10], The cantilever beam method [75], the loop deformation method [76], and the center load beam method [76] have been described for textile hbers. 

The procedure initially developed by Lee (1974) and later refined by Chaney (1979,1980) and Makdisi et al. (1978) involved the concept that permanent seismic deformations of a slope may be computed by evaluating dynamic-induced softened pseudo slope stiffness values for soil elements with the resultant settling of the slope to a new condition being compatible with pseudo or apparent stress-strain properties of the soils comprising the slope. Figure 11.17 shows an example of the use of the permanent deformation method for evaluating the deformation of the continental slope off Flaifa, Israel, under earthquake loading from a transform fault on the Jordan rift valley. 

ISO 22088-5 Plastics - Determination of resistance to environmental stress cracking (ESC) - Part 5 (2006) Constant tensile deformation method... 

In the last five columns we provide the values of the interfacial mobility parameter n (here n corresponds to power in t F R ), the predicted ratio of the surface viscosity coefficient ri and the critical collapse distance 6, the predicted individual values of ri and 6, and, where available, values of r] = K +e or obtained by direct methods. In the latter cases, the r data were obtained from a drop deformation method (17,18), and the e data from tests in a viscous traction instrument (20). 

Afterwards an update to the mesh deformation module is presented, which enables to represent the exact deflections for every CFD surface grid node, which are delivered by the coupling matrix. Performance limitations do not allow to use all points as input for the basic radial-basis-function based mesh deformation method. Then the FSI-loop to compute the static elastic equilibrium is described and the application to an industrial model is presented. Finally, a strategy how to couple and deflect control smfaces is shown. Therefore, a possible gapless representation by means of different coupling domains and a chimera-mesh representation is shown. This section describes the bricks, which are combined to a fluid-structure interaction loop. Most of the tools are part of the FlowSimulator software environment (Fig. 20.11). 

The third method for measuring dilational elasticity and viscosity is the maximum bubble pressure method (33). Although this method overcomes some of the problems encountered in the surface wave and droplet deformational methods, it can only be applied for measurement at the air/liquid interface. 

In the second case, the mechanical deformation method will not be standard, but suitable samples will be designed to fit the microscope. The in situ deformation of polymers is almost always conducted in the SEM at low magnification and is most often used for fibers and fabrics. Other microdeformation methods are used to prepare thin films for TEM observations, to model fiber structure or to investigate crazing. Since the mechanical deformation technique is... 

The deformation method developed by Mott et al. [2] was used here. The system was subjected to deformation in small steps up to a system strain of 0.2, the overall energy being minimized with respect to all degrees of freedom (except H) after each step. The strain increment of the system, was... 

When investigating finished parts, the preferred approach is single-stage here, the oversize limit Uq, at which the first visible cracks appear in the area of the drill hole, is used to determine damage deformation (method A) [273]. 

There are several ways of achieving plastic deformation of macroscopic samples. Those deformation methods in which some amomit of hydrostatic pres-sme is generated in the material prevent cavitation of the material. Because of the absence of cavitation the material undergoes plastic deformation via shear yielding cavitation is damped. Also, crazing is not preferred under hydrostatic pressure as it involves volume increase and the production of empty spaces between tufts. 

The mesh resolutions used for the analysis were [48 x 48 x 184] and [64 X 64 X 240] which by the support of the mesh deformation method already on the coarser mesh provided already a more or less mesh-independent solution of the... 

Fig. 13.15 Visual demonstration of the mesh deformation method in the encapsulation process. Time levels correspond to Fig. 13.14...

---