Cutting forces

FIGURE 8.4 Effect of cleats on the cutting force. (From Baughman, 1978, p. 171.)... 

When a particle strikes a solid surface, the extent and nature of the damage on the surface depend on the normal compressive force Fn, tangential cutting force Fu area of contact Ac, duration of contact tc, angle of incidence a, shape of the particle, and the materials of the particle and the solid surface. The mechanisms of mechanical erosion may be explained in terms of two basic modes, i.e., the ductile mode and the brittle mode. 

The essential material property of rubbers is their low elastic modulus, which ensures that the contact deformation remains elastic over a very wide range of contact conditions. The abrasive wear of rubbers is due to either fatigue of the material or tearing by a cutting force from impacts with sharp-edged particles. 

Large deformation methods usually are based on the determination of the amount of applied force required to induce a change in a sample. Parameters determined include hardness, spreadability, cutting force, or yield force (4). One such method involves the compression of a sample between two parallel plates to determine relative hardness values via the measurement of yield force. 

When the tip was slid laterally at v= 100 m/s during indentation, the friction or cutting force fluctuated around zero as long as the substrate did not yield (Fig. 14). This nearly frictionless sliding can be attributed to the fact that the... 

Forces commonly used in food processes for particle size reduction are compressive, impact, attrition (or shear), and cutting forces. More than one force usually participates in the comminution operation in industrial size-reduction equipment. In particular, crushing rolls use mainly compressive forces, hammer mills are based on impact, disc mills cause particle attrition through shear force application, and rotary knife cutters use cutting forces. 

A careful study of literature reveals that a lot of research on metal cutting mechanics has been carried out since last one and half century. Although a number of models were proposed for the estimation of cutting forces, most of the textbooks give more emphasis to Merchant s analysis based on the single-shear plane model. 

Risbood, K. A., Dixit, U. S., Sahasrabudhe, A. D. (2003). Prediction of surface roughness and dimensional deviation by measuring cutting forces and vibrations in turning jnocess. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 732(1), 203-214. 

Fig. S7. Schematics of (a) the indentation sliding and (b, c) ultraprecision cutting. F,-thrust force Fc—cutting force F—resultant force acting on the sample.

Block diagram of an AC system that maintains the resultant cutting forces Fp) at a desired level F,) is shown in Fig. 1. The input to the AC system is the desired peak resultant force (F ). The AC system tries to maintain the actual peak force on the tool Fp) equal to the desired peak force (Fr). The plant consists of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) system which reshapes the command feed ifc) indicated in the NC program using acceleration and jerk-dependent trajectory generator (Altintas et al. 2011). The feed generated by the CNC is... 

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