Morphology, definition

Sum properties of composites are a function of the corresponding properties of the components. The relation between the sum property values and the property values of the components is not necessarily simple or linear, and it is definitely morphology-dependent. Four examples of sum properties are ... 

Fig. 29.9. CT images in the portovenous phase of two different patients suffering from extrahepatic malignancies. In the patient on the left side, a small, sharply delineated lesion without contrast uptake and CT values of 5-10 HU is depicted. This lesion can be characterized as a simple cyst despite the small size of only 0.8 cm in diameter. The large hypodense lesion on the right side shows CT values of 15-20 HU (arrows) and might on first glance be confused with a cyst however, definite morphological signs like the unclear margins (curved arrow) in...

Wood fibers are not random mixtures of cellulosic polymers and lignin but rather these polymers are arranged in a definite morphological pattern with respect to each other. The major parts of wood fiber are the middle lamella, which is amorphous in nature and consists chiefly of lignin and the fiber wall consisting mainly of cellulosic polymers. Fibers can be produced from wood so that the fiber surface is either primarily exposed lignin or primarily cellulosic in nature by a process called thermomechanical pulping. 

Each of. these subprograms consists of different processes and cell differentiations, and to choose, for example, the simplest of the eight — development of the bud, its formation into a definite morphological system requires very strict determination of the order of division and differentiation of the cells. 

Nevertheless, possibiUties for confusion abound. From the definitions of microemulsions and macroemulsions and from Figure 1, it immediately follows that in many macroemulsions one of the two or three phases is a microemulsion. Until recentiy (49), it was thought that all nonmultiple emulsions were either oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in-oil (W/O). However, the phase diagram of Figure 1 makes clear that there are six nonmultiple, two-phase morphologies, of which four contain a microemulsion phase. These six two-phase morphologies are oleic-in-aqueous (OL/AQ, or O/W) and aqueous-in-oleic (AQ/OL, or W/O), but also, oleic-in-microemulsion (OL/MI), microemulsion-in-oleic (MI/OL), aqueous-in-microemulsion (AQ/MI), and microemulsion-in-aqueous (MI/AQ) (49). 

In addition to effects on biochemical reactions, the inhibitors may influence the permeability of the various cellular membranes and through physical and chemical effects may alter the structure of other subcellular structures such as proteins, nucleic acid, and spindle fibers. Unfortunately, few definite examples can be listed. The action of colchicine and podophyllin in interfering with cell division is well known. The effect of various lactones (coumarin, parasorbic acid, and protoanemonin) on mitotic activity was discussed above. Disturbances to cytoplasmic and vacuolar structure, and the morphology of mitochondria imposed by protoanemonin, were also mentioned. Interference with protein configuration and loss of biological activity was attributed to incorporation of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid into mung bean protein in place of proline. 

Microorganisms at the rhizosphere are known to produce plant growth regulators using precursors released by the roots (71), which can influence root morphology (3) the degradation of these hormone-like substances could be prevented by their incorporation into humic molecules, which would preserve their chemical properties. However, definite proof is still lacking recent studies have shown the... 

Many drugs have definite and stable crystal habits. Morphological changes rarely occur in such drugs as... 

The technical terms homogeneity and inhomogeneity defined in analytical chemistry must be distinguished from the physicochemical concept of homogeneity and heterogeneity (Danzer and Ehrlich [1984]). Whereas the thermodynamical definition refers to morphology and takes one-phase-or multi-phase states of matter as the criterion, the analytical-chemical definition is based on the concentration function... 

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