Deep eutectic solvents properties

The electrodeposition of chromium in a mixture of choline chloride and chromium(III) chloride hexahydrate has been reported recently [39]. A dark green, viscous liquid is obtained by mixing choline chloride with chromium(III) chloride hexahydrate and the physical properties of this deep eutectic solvent are characteristic of an ionic liquid. The eutectic composition is found to be 1 2 choline chloride/chromium chloride. From this ionic liquid chromium can be electrode-posited efficiently to yield a crack-free deposit [39]. Addition of LiCl to the choline chloride-CrCl3-6H20 liquid was found to allow the deposition of nanocrystalline black chromium films [40], The use of this ionic liquid might offer an environmentally friendly process for electrodeposition of chromium instead of the current chromic acid-based baths. However, some efforts are still necessary to get shining... 

The aim of this book is to present the insights of experts on emerging experimental techniques and theoretical concepts that are or will be in the vanguard of the field of electrochemistry in ionic liquids. The two volumes of this book provides the reader with a broad and self-contained account of electrochemical techniques available to work in ionic liquids. It also gathers and critically discusses the important properties of protic ionic liquids, deep-eutectic solvents, task-specific ionic liquids, polymeric ion gels, and lithium-ion solvation, relevant to electrochemistry. 

So far, there are only a few publications that have reported the use of DESs, alone or as cosolvent, as media for biocatalytic reactions [8-14], Although only at a very early stage of development, these results have suggested that DESs deserve consideration as a potential green solvent for enzymatic processes. In this chapter, we discuss the physicochemical properties of DESs we review what has been known so far about the use of DESs as solvents or cosolvents for biocatalytic reactions and we introduce a new type of DESs, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs), that have an enormous potential for applications due to their nontoxicity, sustainability, and environmental friendliness. 

Hayyan, A., Mjalli, F. S., Al-Nashef, I. M., Al-Wahaibi, T., Al-Wahaibi, Y. M., Hashim, M. A. Fruit sugar-based deep eutectic solvents and their physical properties. Thermochim... 

Chapter 7 summarizes the synthesis and physical properties of protic ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents and draws the connection to real-world applications. Further applications of protic ionic liquids can be found in Volume 2 (Chaps. 17 and 20). The designable or tunable nature of ILs, their physicochemical properties, and high applicability in the electrochemical field is discussed in detail in Chap. 8. The application of deep eutectic solvents presented in Chap. 7, is also discussed in this chapter. Further applications of task-specific ILs can as well be found in Chap. 2. 

Boisset A, Jacquemin J, Anouti M (2013) Physical properties of a new deep eutectic solvent based on lithium bis[(tiifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide and N-methylacetamide as supeiionic suitable electrolyte for lithium ion batteries and electric double layer capacitors. Electrochim Acta 102 120-126. doi 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.150... 

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