Death ecstasy

Death Ecstasy-related deaths in Australia between 1 July 2000 and 30 June 2005 have been reviewed [27. The cases were identified using the National Coroners Information System (NCIS). There were 82 deaths. The median age was 26 (range 17-58) years, 83% were men, and almost three-quarters were employed. Of the 67 cases in which MDMA was the direct or antecedent cause of death, it was due to drug toxicity in 91%. Ecstasy alone was implicated in 25% of these cases and combined drugs in 66%. The most common drugs combined with MDMA were opioids (54%), metamfetamine (42%), benzodiazepines (23%), and alcohol (21%). In 10%, cardiovascular complications or diseases arising from, or complicated by, use of MDMA was a direct cause of death. Injury was a direct cause in 9% of the cases. In 7% of cases cerebrovascular complications were... 

Welburn, 253-254. For a survey of sources that develop sevenfold planetary systems, see Adela Yarbro Collins, The Seven Heavens in Jewish and Christian Apocalypses, in John J. Collins and Michael Fishbane, eds.. Death, Ecstasy and Other WorldlyJourneys (Albany State University of New York Press, 1995), 83-84. Also helpful is Jacques Flamant, Soteriologie et systemes planetaires, in Ugo Bianchi and M.-J. Vermaseren, eds.. La soteriologia del culti orientaU neU impero romano (Leiden E.J. Brill, 1982), 223-242. 

Red Bull and vodka has been called Ecstasy in a can, a reference to a popular club drug. It has also had its run-in with the law the drink was briefly investigated in 2001 by the Swedish National Food Administration after the deaths of three people who were believed to have drunk Red Bull with liquor. No action was taken against the company, Red Bull GmbH. The drink continues to be available in Sweden and in eighty-eight other countries. 

Randall T Ecstasy-fueled rave parties become dances of death for English youths. JAMA268 1305-1306, 1992... 

MAO has been inhibited. As a result, transmitter accumulates in the cytoplasm and is exported into the synapse via the membrane-bound transporter. The ensuing (impulse-independent) sympathetic arousal can be disastrous, culminating in a hypertensive crisis and stroke. Although this process is a pharmacological curiosity and certainly contributed to the demise of MAOIs, it is possibly overrated (Tyrer 1979) it has been estimated that the number of deaths associated with the use of the MAOI, tranylcypromine, amounts to only 1 per 14000 patient years. However, this sequence of events echoes exactly the acute actions of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy ) and undoubtedly accounts for some of the deaths attributed to this drug. 

There have been nearly 80 deaths in the UK related to Ecstasy use. Why this particular group of people died when so many others have also taken the drug is... 

Dowling, G.P. McDonough, E.T. and Bost, R.O. Eve and Ecstasy A report of five deaths associated with the use of MDEA and MDMA. 

Neurodegeneration Localised or widespread death of neurons, a feature of a number of brain disorders, such as Alzheimer s disease, Parkinson s disease and cerebrovascular stroke. It can also be caused by neurotoxic drugs like MDMA/Ecstasy, although there is debate over whether this occurs in humans as well as laboratory animals. 

Physical effects of high doses of ketamine include decreased respiration and heart rate, increased blood pressure, and the possibility of vomiting and convulsions. These can lead to cardiac and respiratory arrest, coma, and death. The risk of ketamine overdose is much greater when it is mixed with other drugs such as alcohol, Ecstasy, caffeine, or cocaine. Overdoses of ketamine have been reported when people boost the drug (take another dose before the first dose wears off) to prolong its psychedelic effects. 

Milroy CM. Clark fC Forrest ARW (1996). Pathology of deaths associated with ecstasy and eve misuse. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 49, 149-53... 

More people are overdosing on GHB than ecstasy. In 2000, 2,482 GHB users visited the emergency room for an overdose, compared with 1,742 ecstasy users. There also are more deaths from GHB. According to the DEA, 73 people have died from taking GHB since 1995, compared to 27 ecstasy-related deaths from 1994 to 1998. 

Elevated body temperature is one of the most toxic effects of ecstasy, and this risk is augmented by its use at dance parties and raves. The lack of air circulation in a crowded environment creates an elevated room temperature, which, together with increases in body temperature can cause brain toxicity similar to heat stroke. High body temperature can also lead to severe liver inflammation or damage, abnormal blood clotting, and death. 

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