De Graff

Hofenk de Graff, J. H. (1969), Natural Dyestuffs Origin, Chemical Constitution, Identification, International Council of Museums, Committee for Conservation report 5, Amsterdam. 

Hofenk de Graff, J. H. and W. G. T. Roelofs (1978), The analysis of flavonoids in natural yellow dyestuffs occurring in ancient textiles, Proc. bit. Council of Museums Committee for Conservation, 5th Trienial Mtg., Zagreb. 

A proposal has been made for a PFNA-based system designed to detect illicit materials for air cargo inspection (ACI). This system is referred to as PFNA ACI. The PFNA ACI is a proprietary design that utilizes a tandem Van de Graff accelerator to accelerate deuterons. The neutron beam is collimated in a scan arm and focused on the front surface of the container. Testing has been conducted on aircraft LD3 container as well as truck cargo trailers. 

A rapid reaction kinetic technique (time scale = 10-1000 ps) that typically uses a Van de Graff accelerator or a microwave linear electron accelerator to promptly generate a pulse of electrons at sufficient power levels for excitation and ionization of target substances by electron impact. The technique is the direct radiation chemical analog of flash photolysis and the ensuing kinetic measurements are accomplished optically by IR/visible/UV adsorption spectroscopy or by fluorescence spectroscopy. 

A. W. De Graff, Continuous Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene in a One Stirred Tank Reactor. Lehigh Univ. Press, Bethlehem, PA, 1970. 

R.A. de Graff, In Vivo NMR Spectroscopy Principles and Techniques, John Willey Sons, Sussex, 2010. 

FN Tandem Van de Graff of Notre Dame Nuclear Structure Laboratory... 

Nicholass Schoorl and Van Den LM, at the University of Utrecht Berg, studied the photostability of a number of chemicals in the early 1900s. Two of their papers, published in 1905, dealt with the photodecomposition of bromoform (7) and chloroform (8). Other studies by Schoorl (9-11) and De Graff et al. (12) remain unknown, even today, due to the language barrier (Old Dutch) and the fact of their publication in local journals. 

De Graff WC, Schoorl N, der Wielen P. Commentaar op de Nederlandsche Pharma-copee 4 dl. Utrech Oostjoek, 1927-1931. 

Fig. 2. Panicle number Thcoiy—CM dimental comparisons (Poehlein and De Graff, 1971).

Fig. E. Particle size distntnrtion for a st>rene latex made at a mean residence time of 59 min (Poehlein and De Graff, 197 ). r=50 C 6 = 59 min (S)=0.6g/100g HjO ...

If energies above 1 MeV are desired, one has to use other types of accelerators, for example the ones in use for research in the field of atomic physics and nuclear physics. The van de Graff and the linear accelerators with multistage acceleration are especially popular. For a description of their function the reader should consult the literature on applied physics and particle accelerators. 

De Graff, J.D. and Chen, Q. An update on Shell Licensed Gasification Projects and Performance of Pernis IGCC plant. Gasification Technologies Conference. San Francisco, CA, 2000. 

R3. Reemtsma, K., Hottinger, G. C., De Graff, A. C., and Creech, O., Studies of hepatic function and blood flow using indocyanine green. Clin. Res. Proc. 8, 77 (1960). 

Sundberg and co-workers in 1974 reported results from flash photolysis studies of the reaction of phenyl azide with secondary amines [26]. Irradiation of the azide in hexane solution produced an intermediate absorbing strongly at 366 nm and having a lifetime of about 5 ms. This intermediate was found to react with amines to give, after tautomerization, the 3H-azepine that is obtained in preparative scale reactions. On the basis of these results, De Graff et al. [26] concluded that the detected intermediate is not a nitrene but is a closed-shell intermediate, either benzazirine or dehydroazepine. 

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