Van de Graff accelerator

A proposal has been made for a PFNA-based system designed to detect illicit materials for air cargo inspection (ACI). This system is referred to as PFNA ACI. The PFNA ACI is a proprietary design that utilizes a tandem Van de Graff accelerator to accelerate deuterons. The neutron beam is collimated in a scan arm and focused on the front surface of the container. Testing has been conducted on aircraft LD3 container as well as truck cargo trailers. 

A rapid reaction kinetic technique (time scale = 10-1000 ps) that typically uses a Van de Graff accelerator or a microwave linear electron accelerator to promptly generate a pulse of electrons at sufficient power levels for excitation and ionization of target substances by electron impact. The technique is the direct radiation chemical analog of flash photolysis and the ensuing kinetic measurements are accomplished optically by IR/visible/UV adsorption spectroscopy or by fluorescence spectroscopy. 

Figure K Structure of polyalkyl acrylates and methacrylates. Polymers were synthesized by free radical polymerization Initiated by exposing alkyl acrylate and methacrylate monomers to high doses ( 10 Mev) of ionizing radiation using a Van de Graff accelerator. Polymers were separated from unreacted monomer by precipitating in methyl alcohol and redissolving in chloroform. Purified polymers were dissolved in chloroform for use in coating glass beads columns and glass cover slips.

FIGURE 10.17 Effect of radiation on hardness of EVM compound. (Van de Graff accelerator to 100 kGy with a °Co source at room temperature and 65% relative humidity.)... 

If energies above 1 MeV are desired, one has to use other types of accelerators, for example the ones in use for research in the field of atomic physics and nuclear physics. The van de Graff and the linear accelerators with multistage acceleration are especially popular. For a description of their function the reader should consult the literature on applied physics and particle accelerators. 

A-Vinylpyrrolidone spread on various substrates, upon irradiation with a Van de Graff electron accelerator, formed adhesive bonds between adjacent surfaces [89]. 

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