Data reduction scheme

Details of the data analysis for the GPC/Viscometer system have been reviewed by Ouano.(T ) The data reduction scheme is summarized in Figure 2 and briefly will be discussed here. The intrinsic viscosity of the effluent at a given retention volume [n](v) is determined from the DRI and continuous viscosity detector responses according to the following equation... 

Figure 2. Data reduction scheme for analysis of DRI/Viscometer chromatograms.

Microcomposite tests including fiber pull-out tests are aimed at generating useful information regarding the interface quality in absolute terms, or at least in comparative terms between different composite systems. In this regard, theoretical models should provide a systematic means for data reduction to determine the relevant properties with reasonable accuracy from the experimental results. The data reduction scheme must not rely on the trial and error method. Although there are several methods of micromechanical analysis available, little attempt in the past has been put into providing such a means in a unified format. A systematic procedure is presented here to generate the fiber pull-out parameters and ultimately the relevant fiber-matrix interface properties. 

Figure 1. Data Reduction Scheme for Analysis of DRI/Viscometer Chromatograms.

Methods and technology were developed to analyze 1000 samples/yr of coal and other pollution-related samples. The complete trace element analysis of 20-24 samples/wk averaged 3-3.5 man-hours/sample. The computerized data reduction scheme could identify and report data on as many as 56 elements. In addition to coal, samples of fly ash, bottom ash, crude oil, fuel oil, residual oil, gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, filtered air particulates, ore, stack scrubber water, clam tissue, crab shells, river sediment and water, and corn were analyzed. Precision of the method was 25% based on all elements reported in coal and other sample matrices. Overall accuracy was estimated at 50%. 

The methods used to achieve these goals involved analyzing samples in large numbers carefully planning and scheduling sample preparation, irradiation, and counting complete computer automation of the data reduction scheme and strict attention by the work team to small details... 

The advantage of the transformed objects over the original ones in data reduction schemes lies in the order induced in the sequence of coefficients. This order is correlated with frequency while in original data the information is more or less uniformly distributed over all the sequence, in transformed object the first few low-frequency coefficients contain the information about the rough contours of the original object and the high-frequency coefficients describe the details. In both Fourier and Hadamard transforms the most important part of the information can be retained after back-transformation with the proper choice of coefficients. 

Phenomenological Model. The data reduction scheme developed for use with FTMA is based on a semi-empirical phenomenological model for polymeric materials with postulates corresponding to generally observed behavior. The constraints of current constitutive theory are satisfied and the model relates mechanical properties to both frequency and temperature with parameters that are material-dependent. It provides excellent interpolations of experimental results and also extrapolates to reasonable levels outside the ranges of the experimental variables. 

It should also be noted that while the nomograph program reported here uses the WLF equation to calculate the shift factor, the data reduction scheme is not limited to the WLF equation. That is, any curve fitting equation that results in the calculation of a temperature shift factor can easily be added to the program and used for the generation of the master curve in the nomograph... 

The objectives of this paper are (1) to compare force based and dynamic tests methods and data reduction schemes for both bending and tensile type fracture specimens, (2) to define the requirements and limitations for the applicability of FBA and DKC methods, and (3) to determine fracture toughness values of several engineering polymers over a wide range of loading rates (up to 7 decades). 

At even higher loading rates, for which no valid force-time signal for applying an FBA data reduction scheme can be recorded, the DKC-method may be used to determine dynamic fracture toughness values, Kj. This requires an adequate technique to measure the time-to-... 

Fig. 10. Effect of local loading rate on fracture toughness of PC using various specimen configurations and data reduction schemes.

According to the requirements specified in the ISO standard [1] deviation of the delamination propagation from mid-plane invalidates the test. In that sense, any data analysis of the cross-ply laminates, therefore, will yield invalid results. This point was discussed extensively in [4] where the authors also used the Finite-Element method to supplement their analysis and concluded that the corrected beam theory data reduction scheme seemed to remain applicable and that the non-symmetric cross-ply material yielded apparently valid fracture toughness data, even though these were probably affected by transverse cracking. 

Solomon, James, "Development of a Data Reduction Scheme for... 

Using a computerized data reduction scheme that incorporates a generalized WLF equation, dynamic mechanical data for two different polymers were correlated on master curves. The data then were related to the vibration damping behavior of each material over a broad range of frequencies and temperatures. The master curves are represented on a novel reduced temperature nomograph which presents the storage modulus and loss tangent plots simultaneously as functions of frequency and temperature. ... 

Dr. javid Jones provided valuable background information and stimulating discussions on the use of viscoelastic data reduction schemes for various types of materials. 

The radioactive-tracer technique was perfected for. fluidized-bed application through the development of a computer-aided particle-tracking facility (CAPTF) (Lin, Chen, and Chao, 1985 Moslemian, 1987 Sun, 1989). Considerable effort was expended to develop the efficient photoncounting instrumentation and automated data reduction and processing schemes. In Section 9.2, the principle of radiation detection and a theoretical model of the CAPTF is presented. The instrumentation of the CAPTF and the data reduction schemes are described in Section 9.3. Sample results obtained by the CAPTF are presented in Sections 9.4 and 9.5, and a conclusion is presented in Section 9.6. 

In order to obtain estimates of the rates of transformation of the components, the columns of the temporal eigenvectors were fit with a sum of exponentials equal to the number of components foimd in the SVD data reduction scheme. Thus, in all SVD based analyses, a fit based on a sum of three exponents was used (eq 12). The time constants for the three processes are ... 

Entanglements arise from segment-segment contacts between molecules. The number of intmmolecular contacts per unit volume is proportional to c. Since the number of polymer molecules per unit volume is proportional to c/Af, the number of intermolecular contacts per molecule is proportional to cM. Thus we see that because c[tf] or cM" (coU overlap) and cM (entanglement) involve different combinations of c and M, in principle it should be possible to experimentally distinguish between the two types of interactions. Figure 11.S.S compares both data reduction schemes... 

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