Data graph

Prospector desktop Prospector Desktop is a disk-based version of the popular Prospector Web. Prospector Desktop also contains multi point data graphs. (Available on CD-ROM or diskette for Windows and Macintosh). 

Figure 4.1. Assay results calculated according to three schemes WWW (top), VWV (middle), and VVV (bottom). The raw values (top panel, scale +2%) are plotted chronologically. In the bottom panel the standard deviations for the triplicate determinations are shown (scale 1%) the bold bar at right signals the average within-group SD, and the thin line besides it the overall SD. The VVV scheme does look inferior in this metric, but the raw data graph is much more powerful in conveying the idea.

Communication and display of data are the most commonly used function of statistical graphics in toxicology, whether used for internal reports, presentations at meetings, or formal publications in the literature. In communicating data, graphs should not be used to duplicate data that are presented in tables, but rather to show important trends and/or relationships in the data. Though such communication is most commonly of a quantitative compilation of actual data, it can be also be used to... 

Graphing Data Graph the data from LI and L2. Use the graph from the graphing calculator as a guide. 

The Lineweaver-Burk equation is a reciprocal form of the Michaelis-Menten equation. The same data graphed in this way yield a straight line as shown in Figure 1-8-6. The actual data are represented by the portion of the graph to the right of the y-axis, but the line is extrapolated into the Idt quadrant to determine its intercept with the x-axis. The intercept of the line with the x-axis gives the value of The intercept of the line with the y-axis gives the value of... 

The central purpose of a graph is to present, summarize, and/or highlight trends in data or sets of data. Graphs of various types (e.g., scatter plots, contour plots, two- and three-dimensional line graphs, and bar graphs) are used for different purposes thus, authors must match their purpose with the appropriate type of graph. 

Another series of trials, all identical to each other (no changes). This time, the results should be tabulated, and a mean and a standard deviation for the blank and each standard should be calculated and the data graphed (mean response values vs. concentration) to create the standard curve (Figure 3.2). In addition, the slope of the line and the y-intercept are determined, as well as the correlation coefficient. If the results look good, one moves on to Step 5, or makes some change to try to improve the results and repeat the above process. 

The advantage of the following methods of graphical representation is the clear and simple presentation of the essential facts. Simple charts, like bar charts, x-y scatter diagrams or pie diagrams, which are also available in 3D-form are also suited to visual representation of data. They are not described because this section is devoted to treatment of multivariate data. Graphs for control charts, particulary for quality assurance and control, can be found in [FUNK et al., 1992 AQS, 1991]. 

FIGURE 3.27 Binding of NADH with rabbit muscle lactate dehydrogenase using various methods of presenting experimental data. [Graphs reconstructed from data by Ward and Winzor, Biochem. J., 215, 685 (1983).]... 

FIGURE 6.4 Plot of the predicted diffusion coefficients vs. the molar volumes of solutes along with the experimental data. [Graph reconstructed from data by Kuu et al. in Treatise on Controlled Drug Delivery, A. Kydonies (Ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 1992, p. 51.]... 

Just as one can consider the effects of dimerization upon the frequencies or intensities of the monomer modes, it is useful to ponder how juxtaposing two dimers within a trimer affects the vibrational spectra of the dimer. Kofranek et al. provided such information, reported in Table 5.4, which suggests that the SCF data graphed in Fig. 5.4 are quite representative of the correlated level as well. All of the trends in the SCF frequencies are mirrored in the CPF data. The similarity of the last two columns in the table indicates no major perturbations of the intermolecular band intensifications caused by electron correlation. 

Shapespeare Corporation s Juliet features single particle size and shape measurement together with fractal analysis as well as conventional classical measurements. It also measures size and shape distributions for sets of particles with image manipulation and data graphing capability. 

Graphs are visual representations of data. Graphs can reveal patterns in data. 

As our discussions of population distributions and basic statistics have progressed, the use of graphical methods to display data can be seen to play an important role in both univariate and multivariate analysis. Suitable data plots can be used to display and describe both raw data, i.e. original measures, and transformed or manipulated data. Graphs can aid in data analysis and interpretation, and can serve to summarize final results. The use of diagrams may help to reveal patterns in the data which may not be obvious from tabulated results. With most computer-based data analysis packages the graphics support... 

Adobe PDF versions of important data graphs that students can enlarge, print out, use in problem solving and then hand in as part of their homework assignments. 

Figure 12 To plot a point on a graph, place a dot at the location for each ordered pair x,y) determined by your data. In the Density of Water graph, the dot marks the ordered pair (40 ml, 40 g). Generally, the line or curve that you draw will not include all of your experimental data points, as shown in the Experimental Data graph. 

Typical data graphs are shown in Figure 1. Calculation of the first order rate constant, Jfc, has been described (10,21). 

Figure 1. Typical data graphs for reaction of molybdic acid with silicic acid mono-mer, oligomers, and small colloidal particles. Line E for polymer that was extracted from sol E extrapolates through 100% untreated silica, thus indicating no monomer is present. Slope of E is the same as that of E after 20 min, showing that the polymer reacts the same as before being extracted. Particle diameter of the colloid is estimated from k, assuming anhydrous Si02 particles. (Reproduced, with permission, from Ref. 10. Copyright 1980, Academic Press.)...

If commercial software is available for a given simulation generally it should be purchased in preference to programs written in-house. At least the display of data, graphs, etc., and simple statistical manipulation should be performed by standard... 

Later, there are tables of numerical data, graphs of results, and original, well-labeled instrument output... 

Using these data, graph In k versus 1/T. Using your graph, determine the value of Eg. 

---