Statistical graphics

SAS System for Statistical Graphics, First Edition by Michael Friendly... 

Advantages of Interfacing a Viscoelastic Device with a High-Speed and -Capacity Computer and an Advanced Statistical-Graphics Software Package... 

Communication and display of data are the most commonly used function of statistical graphics in toxicology, whether used for internal reports, presentations at meetings, or formal publications in the literature. In communicating data, graphs should not be used to duplicate data that are presented in tables, but rather to show important trends and/or relationships in the data. Though such communication is most commonly of a quantitative compilation of actual data, it can be also be used to... 

There are many forms of statistical graphics (a partial list, classified by function, is presented in Table 22.7), and a number of these (such as scatter plots and histograms) can be used for each of a number of possible functions. Most of these plots are based on a Cartesian system (that is, they use a set of rectangular coordinates), and our review of construction and use will focus on these forms of graphs. 

There are a number of excellent references available for those who would like to pursue statistical graphics more. Anscombe (1973) presents an excellent short overview, while others (Tufte, 1983, 1990, 1997 Schmid, 1983 and Young, 1985) provide a wealth of information. 

Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a collection of analysis methods for data sets which have three or more variables making up each data point. MDS displays the relationships of three or more dimensional extensions of the methods of statistical graphics. 

Dependencies may be detected using statistical tests and graphical analysis. Scatter plots may be particularly helpful. Some software for statistical graphics will plot scatter plots for all pairs of variables in a data set in the form of a scatter-plot matrix. For tests of independence, nonparametric tests such as Kendall s x are available, as well as tests based on the normal distribution. However, with limited data, there will be low power for tests of independence, so an assumption of independence should be scientifically plausible. 

Ette EL Statistical graphics in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics a tutorial. Ann Pharmacother 1998 32(7/8) 818-28. 

Statgraphics Plus, Statistical Graphics System by Statistical Graphics Corporation, version 6, Reference Manual Manugistics Inc., Rockville USA. 

Figures 5.2-5.6 give only a hint of the spectrum of tools of statistical graphics that are potentially helpful in data analysis for industrial chemistry. For more details and much additional reading on the subject of modern statistical graphics, the reader is referred to the book by Chambers et al.2 listed in the references section.

STATGRAPHICS PLUS Statistical graphics system by Statistical Graphics Corporation, Version 6.0, Manugistics, Inc (1992). 

L. Wilkinson, Comment on W. S. Cleveland, A model for stndying display methods of statistical graphics. / Comp Graphical Stat 2 366-360 (1993). 

All experiments were replicated three times in a randomized complete block experiment. Each analysis was done in duplicate. Statistical analysis was conducted using STATGRAPHIC PLUS (Statistical Graphics Corp.). 

Descriptive Statistics Graphically Illustrated Box-and-Whisker Plots... 

Statgraphics Statistical Graphics Corp. cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, PCA, linear and nonlinear regression... 

Schmid, C.E, Statistical Graphics, New York John WUey, 1983. 

A number of influential statisticians contributed to the statistical graphics literature of that time Efron, Kruskal, Tukey, and Tufte are all cited by Cleveland and McGill. In addition to Cleveland and McGill s research, Tuftei - has contributed much to the area of graphic design. Cleveland and other statisticians have also written entire books on the topic. i ... 

Soukup M. Communicating clinical trial results the statistical graphic way. Joint Statistical Meetings, Boston, MA 2010. 

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