Dark germinators

Randhir R, Lin Y-T, Shetty K. 2004. Stimulation of phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in dark germinated mung bean sprouts in response to peptide and phytochemical elicitors. Process Biochem 39 637-646. 

Randhir, R., Lin, Y.-T, and Shetty, K. Phenolics, their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in dark germinated fenugreek sprouts in response to peptide and phytochemical elicitors, Asia Pacific J. Clin. Nutr., 13, 295, 2004. 

Fig. 5.1. (A) The course of respiration of intact dark-germinated Pisum sativum seeds ( ) cv. Rondo and of cotyledons with seed coat dissected away (o). Arrow indicates approximate time of visible germination. (B) The relation between the degree of swelling and the respiration rate of cotyledons in intact germinated seeds. (C) The swelling of cotyledons from intact seeds ( ) and of cotyledons from seeds imbibed without a seed coat (o). (D) Respiration of excised cotyledons. See text for explanation of Phases I-IV. After Kolloffel, 1967 [67]...

Fig. 5.2. Alcohol dehydrogenase activity ( ) in, and oxygen uptake by cotyledons of dark-germinated intact pea seeds cv. Rondo. Germination time as Figure 5.1 A. After Kolloffel, 1968 [68]...

Fig. 5.6. Increase in the respiratory rate of the mitochondrial fraction (o), mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (x) and cytochrome oxidase activity ( ) in intact cotyledons of dark-germinated Alaska peas. Based on Nawa and Asahi, 1971 [94]...

Mature dry seeds of Lupinus luteus contain no starch, but starch grains appear during mobilization of the protein and lipid reserves [102]. The source of material for starch synthesis is not photosynthesis (for starch grains also form in dark-germinated seeds), nor the proteins, nor the small quantities of... 

Table 9. Several light and dark germinators (light-stimulated and light-inhibited seeds) important experimental plants italicized...

Mancinelli, A.L., Yaniv, Z., and Smith, R, Phytochrome and seed germination. I. Temperature dependence and relative Pfj. levels in the germination of dark-germinating tomato seeds. Plant Physiol, 42, 333, 1967. 

Flax seeds were placed for germination on moist paper for three days at 22°C and in the dark then, the plantlets were transferred under continuous white light on a liquid culture medium, as previously described [6], Suspension-cultured cells of flax were obtained from hypocotyl-derived calli as described by Schaumann et al. [4] and cultured on a medium described by Murashige and Skoog [7] containing kinetin (0.75 mg 1 ) and 2-4 D (0.2 mg 1 ). 

Allen CD, Ansel KM, Low C, et al. Germinal center dark and light zone organization is mediated by CXCR4 and CXCR5. Nat Immunol 2004 5 943-952. 

Carolina in 1981. Each sample (1.4 ml of methanolic sample) was placed into a 3-cm petri dish and the solvent evaporated under a laminar flow hood at room temperature. Seventy seeds (0.035 g) were then placed into the petri dishes and 1.4 ml of sterilized (0.2 pm-filter) 15 mM Mes [2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid Sigma Chemical Co.] buffer adjusted to pH 5.5 was added. The dishes were kept in the dark at 25°C2for 84 hr, exposed to 12-hr fluorescent light (250 p einsteins/m /sec), and then placed back in the dark for an additional 4 days (17). Percent germination, root and hypocotyl lengths were then determined. 

The germination bioassay consisted of germinating the seeds of a number of crop and weed species (Table I) for 72 h in the dark at... 

Strange and Dark demonstrated the presence of a hexosamine containing peptide in the spore coats of B. megaterium and B. subtilis. The breakdown of an insoluble peptide complex might well be one of the first steps of the germination process. It was believed that the release of the hexosamine-amino acid complex was the result of the action of lysozyme present in the spores. 

Bioassays are performed under sterile conditions in a laminar flow hood. Tomato seeds are previously washed and disinfected with 1% sodium hypochlorite. Seeds are germinated in the Petri dishes containing the S. deppei aqueous leachate. For control, seeds are germinated in 1% agar. Twelve seeds are placed on each Petri dish and kept in the dark at 27°C in a growth chamber. For enzyme activities, 40-50 Petri dishes are used per treatment. Primary roots (radicles) are excised after 72 h, frozen in liquid nitrogen and kept at -70 °C until use. For root growth response, experiments... 

A defined number of seeds of each plant was germinated in Petri dishes kept in a Phytotron growth chamber at 21 1°C in the dark. Root tips ( 2 mm) were collected after 5 or 7 days of germination on dependence on the plant species, and subjected to Feulgen staining procedure before the preparation of permanent slides for the observation at an Olympus CX40 microscope. 

Extracts (12 mL each) were added to Petri dishes 10 cm in diameter containing 50 g of 30-mesh washed sand covered with filter paper circle (7-cm diameter, Whatman 1). Controls were moistened with doubly distilled water. Ten indicator seeds were placed on the filter paper in each dish with the embryo down and the hypocotyl pointed to the center of the Petri dish. Each indicator/extract combination had 3 replicates. The Petri dishes were kept in a dark growth chamber for approximately 72 hr at 25°C. The radicle length of each germinated seedling was measured at 72 hr. 

Seeds of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) were surface-sterilized in a saturated solution of calcium hypochlorite for 30 min, and soaked for 30 min in running water. The whole seeds, or else seed that had been decorticated, i.e. removed from the hard testae, were sown in moist sea sand and allowed to germinate and grow in dark at 28 °C. 

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