Danger dehydration

It was discovered that the hospital had overmedicated her. Because of the small size of a young child, the determination of the dosage can be very sensitive. Elena seemed very unresponsive and still. The hospital staff did not seem alarmed, but her mother Melissa sensed something was wrong. Elena only wanted to sleep and was difficult to awaken. Melissa finally learned that her child had become dangerously dehydrated. 

X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is caused by mutations in the gene for the vasopressin V2 receptor leading to an insensitivity of the kidney for the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP). The main symptom of the disease is diuresis, i.e., the production of a large amount of diluted urine. Due to the massive loss of water, the patients suffer from thirst and are in danger of dehydration. The disease usually becomes evident shortly after birth. 

Leong, K. W., Simonte, V., and Danger, R., Synthesis of polyanhydrides Melt-polycondensation, dehydrochlorination, and dehydrative coupling. Macromolecules, 20. 705-712, 1987. 

With ethylenic hydrocarbons, as seen on p.237, it is rather difficult to know whether a dangerous reaction is due to the instability of the double bond or its polymerisation. Allylic alcohol dehydration is one example. Alcohols treated in a sulphuric acid medium can form, according to the conditions and the alcohol structure, either an ethylenic hydrocarbon or an ether. 

Bases such as eOH and eOEt are used to obtain the carbanion, and whether or not the /J-hydroxynitro compound (102) undergoes subsequent dehydration to R2C=CHN02 depends on the conditions. Where the carbonyl compound is an aldehyde there is some danger... 

It is explosive, and distillation, even under reduced pressure as described, may be dangerous [1], A Hungarian patent describes a safe procedure for in-situ generation of the ester, azeotropic dehydration and subsequent metal-catalysed reaction with 1,3-dienes to give alkyl cyclopropanecarboxylates [2],... 

These ideas are readily testable and therefore can constitute a research enterprise. For example, the hydrolysis of polyphosphates to monomeric phosphate is relatively fast in weak aqueous acid and warm temperatures. [129, 205] Curiously, however, the same acidity would promote thermal polyphosphate synthesis under the dehydrating conditions of the heated subterranean mineral pores within a hydrothermal system. Measurement of the stability of polyphosphates in microscopic environments where the activity of water might be low would test the phosphate-polyphosphate conjecture made above. If polyphosphates are not stabilized relative to bulk water solutions, as dissolved within micron-sized mineral pores or within vesicles, perhaps in the presence of dissolved organics, then this hypothesis is in danger. Additionally, the proposed production and delivery of polyphosphates by hydrothermal systems can be tested in an appropriate laboratory setting. 

Ecstasy, shown here in pill form, produces feelings of elation and well-being but also causes dangerous side effects that include dehydration, loss of control and appetite, and memory and weight loss. (SPL/Photo Researchers, Inc.)... 

Excessively vigorous diuresis may lead to intravascular dehydration before removal of edema fluid from the rest of the extracellular compartment. This is especially dangerous if the patient has significant liver or kidney... 

Intravenous route is the most rapidly effective and the desired blood concentration can be obtained with a definite dose but at the same time it is the most dangerous route of administration. For once the drug is injected there is no retreat. So, intravenous injection must usually be performed slowly and with constant monitoring of the patient. This route is usually reserved for emergencies when a rapid action is required and infusion of large amounts of fluids to overcome dehydration or to supply nutrition to patients who can not take food/fluids orally. 

There has been considerable controversy over the dangerousness of ecstasy. Some researchers, based on animal studies or positron emission tomography (PET) scans of users brains, believe the drug causes a destruction of the brain cells responsible for producing serotonin, an important neurotransmitter. However, it is unclear how lasting or dangerous these effects are in humans. Ecstasy can also cause severe dehydration and unpredictable cardiovascular effects. 

Can be prepd by heating glycerin with dehydrating agents such as KHS04, It is dangerous when exposed to heat or flame (Ref 5)... 

Tnelhyl orthoborate affects polymerization by dehydration, probably reacting with tlie water which it abstracts, to form boric add and alcohol. This principle is commonly used. Antimony penlachloride is used on occasion and also sulfunc acid, but there is always danger that the latter will split off an alkyl 01 an aiyl gioiip. Snlfmic acid also sometimes induces equilibration. This tendency on the part of the acid reacts sometimes with the opposite effect. 

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