Danger death

Chloroquine is a 4-aminoquinoline used in the treatment and prophylaxis of malaria and hepatic amebiasis, as well as rheumatoid arthritis. Adverse effects are generally less common and less severe. Frequent effects include headache, GI disturbances, and diarrhea. Large doses may cause blurred vision and difficulty focusing. A common adverse effect on the eye is retinopathy. Parenteral therapy with chloroquine can be hazardous, and rapid intravenous injections may result in cardiovascular toxicity. Acute overdose is extremely dangerous death may occur within a few hours. Chloroquine should be used cautiously in patients with liver and kidney impairment. Chloroquine may aggravate the condition of myasthenia... 

Bergmann-Leitner ES, Leitner WW (2004) Danger, death and DNA vaccines. Microb Infect 6 319-327... 

For centuries, humans used concepts found in nature for two purposes. First, these concepts would become incorporated in the myths created by humans, and second, they would be used for design purposes. In the first case, for example, medieval knights in Europe, or warriors of all kinds in Asia or Africa, always wanted to frighten their opponents on the battlefield. Therefore, they would cover their bodies with skins of dangerous animals, like lions or leopards, or even use animal masks to instill fear. They did not want to mimic animals but only the desirable concepts associated with these animals concepts of danger, death, or cruelty. 

Health and Safety Factors. Carbonyl sulfide is dangerously poisonous, more so because it is practically odorless when pure. It is lethal to rats at 2900 ppm. Studies show an LD q (rat, ip) of 22.5 mg/kg. The mechanism of toxic action appears to iavolve breakdowa to hydrogea sulfide (36). It acts principally on the central nervous system with death resulting mainly from respiratory paralysis. Little is known regarding the health effects of subacute or chronic exposure to carbonyl sulfide a 400-p.g/m max level has been suggested until more data are available (37). Carbon oxysulfide has a reported inhalation toxicity in mice LD q (mouse) = 2900 ppm (37). 

Overexposure to tetrachloroethylene by inhalation affects the central nervous system and the Hver. Dizziness, headache, confusion, nausea, and eye and mucous tissue irritation occur during prolonged exposure to vapor concentrations of 200 ppm (15). These effects are intensified and include incoordination and dmnkenness at concentrations in excess of 600 ppm. At concentrations in excess of 1000 ppm the anesthetic and respiratory depression effects can cause unconsciousness and death. A single, brief exposure to concentrations above 6000 ppm can be immediately dangerous to life. Reversible changes to the Hver have been reported foUowing prolonged exposures to concentrations in excess of 200 ppm (16—22). Alcohol consumed before or after exposure may increase adverse effects. 

Cyanides are dangerously toxic materials that can cause instantaneous death. They occur in a number of industrial situations but are commonly associated with plating operations, and sludges and baths from such sources. Cyanide is extremely soluble and many cyanide compounds, when mixed with acid, release deadly hydrogen cyanide gas. Cyanide is sometimes formed during the combustion of various nitrile, cyanohydrin, and methacrylate compounds. Cyanides (CN ) are commonly treated by chlorine oxidation to the less toxic cyanate (CNO ) form, then acid hydrolyzed to COj and N. Obviously, care should be taken that the cyanide oxidation is complete prior to acid hydrolysis of the cyanate. 

Immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) A condition that poses a threat of exposure to airborne contamination likely to cause death or immediate or delayed permanent adverse health effects, or that prevents escape. 

The Immediately Danger to Life or Health (IDLH) level for CO2, set by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is 50,000 ppm. At that level, vomiting, dizziness, disorientation, and breathing difficulties occur ifler a 30-minute exposure at a 100,000 ppm, death can occur after a few minutes, even if the oxygen in the atmosphere would otherwise support life. 

Hydrogen sulfide is the only thermodynamically stable sulfane it occurs widely in nature as a result of volcanic or bacterial action and is, indeed, a prime source of elemental 8 (p. 647). It has been known since earliest times and its classical chemistry has been extensively studied since the seventeenth century.H28 is a foul smelling, very poisonous gas familiar to all students of chemistry. Its smell is noticeable at 0.02 ppm but the gas tends to anaesthetize the olefactory senses and the intensity of the smell is therefore a dangerously unreliable guide to its concentration. H28 causes irritation at 5 ppm, headaches and nausea at 10 ppm and immediate paralysis and death at 100 ppm it is therefore as toxic and as dangerous as HCN. 

Nitrogen tetroxide is one of the most insidious gases in terms of human toxicity. Inflammation of the lungs may cause only slight pain or pass unnoticed, but the resulting edema several days later may cause death. lOOppm is dangerous for even a short exposure, and 200 ppm may be fatal (Ref 25). Also see under Nitrous Fumes in this Vol... 

False. Sniffing solvents is highly dangerous. There is a danger of sudden death caused by overstimulation of the heart or asphyxiation caused by swelling of the throat tissues or inhalation of vomit. Users also expose themselves to a high level of accident risk whilst intoxicated. 

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