Damage detection

Early neuronal damage detected by immunohistochemistry has been confirmed by brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) analysis of the neuronal marker N-acetylaspartate (NAA) (commonly expressed as an NAA/creatine ratio NAA/ Cr) in the acute and chronic phases of infection in SIV-infected macaques (Fuller et al. 2004 Greco et al. 2004 Lentz et al. 2005 Lentz et al. 2008 Williams et al. 2005). In a macaque model involving CD8h- T lymphocyte depletion along with SIV inoculation, Williams et al. (2005) demonstrated a reduction in NAA/Cr in the... 

Fig. 8.7 Examples of hierarchical composites where the presence of CNTs is used for SHM. (a) Damage detection through thermal imaging of resistively-heated CNTs in an alumina composite [47] and (b) detection of crack propagation by monitoring electrical resistance (normalized by specimen length) in a CNT/glass fiber/epoxy composite [48], With kind permission from IOP (2011) and Wiley (2006).

One of the first OH-induced purine damage detected was in the 5, 8-cyclonucleotides. This lesion was later also observed in DNA (Chap. 12.5). In the following, the non-trivial case, the reactions of organic radicals with pyrimidines and purines will be discussed, and a special section will devoted to 5, 8-cyclonucleosides and nucleotides whose mechanism of formation has been found to be very complex. 

Martinez GR, Medeiros MHG, Ravanat J-L, Cadet J, Di Mascio P (2002) [0ls]-Labeled singlet oxygen as a tool for mechanistic studies of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine oxidative damage detection of spiroiminodihydantoin, imidazolone and oxazolone derivatives. Biol Chem 383 607-617 Martini M, Termini J (1997) Peroxy radical oxidation of thymidine. Chem Res Toxicol 10 234-241 Merenyi G, Lind J, Shen X (1988) Electron transfer from indoles, phenol, and sulfite (S032T to chlorine dioxide (CICV). J Phys Chem 92 134-137... 

A practical approach for toxicity screening combines bioactivation and DNA damage detection into a single biosensor for toxicity screening. To make these types of sensors, ultrathin films (20—4-0 nm thick) containing myoglobin or cytochrome P450cam and DNA were... 

Assay Alternative name/abbreviation Genetic endpoint tested Specific damage detected... 

Base damage detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring... 

Ballester, M. Marti, V. Carrio, I. Spectrum of alcohol-induced myocardial damage detected by indium-111-labeled monoclonal antimyosin antibodies. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1997, 29 (1), 160-167. 

Martin, E.A. et al., Tamoxifen DNA damage detected in human endometrium using accelerator mass spectrometry, Cancer Res., 63(23), 8461, 2003. 

Aubourg, S.P. 1999. Lipid damage detection during the frozen storage of an underutilized fish species. Food Research International il 497-502. 

PARP-1 is a signaling enzyme that transfers ADP-ribose groups from NAD to itself and other nuclear proteins in response to detecting DNA damage. Poly(ADP)ribosylation of histones has been shown to loosen chromatin (de Murcia et al, 1986), indicating that damage detection by PARP-1 leads to increased access to the site of damage for other repair... 

Such tests can identify incorrect component dimensions, lack of adhesive, lack of filleting, edge voids and porosity at the manufacturing level, throughout the cross section of a laminate after the part has been cured [29]. Other in-service damages detectable include paint failure, lighting strikes, and peeled surfaces. 

Steiner. K. V, (1992), Defect classification in composites using ultrasonic nondestruclite evaluation techniques. Damage Detection in Composite Materials. ASTM. STP 1128, pp. 72-84. 

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