D specific

Column type Peak variance (o) Calibration slope (D) Specific resolution (R,p)... 

K = mid-hoiling point in Kelvin degrees (Mid-hoiling point is the temperature at which 50 vol % of the crude is distilled.) d = specific gravity at 60/60°F... 

D. Specific measures concerning prevention of transmission of animal Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs) (if applicable)... 

In many cases, the racemization of a substrate required for DKR is difficult As an example, the production of optically pure cc-amino acids, which are used as intermediates for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and as chiral synfhons in organic chemistry [31], may be discussed. One of the important methods of the synthesis of amino acids is the hydrolysis of the appropriate hydantoins. Racemic 5-substituted hydantoins 15 are easily available from aldehydes using a commonly known synthetic procedure (Scheme 5.10) [32]. In the next step, they are enantioselectively hydrolyzed by d- or L-specific hydantoinase and the resulting N-carbamoyl amino acids 16 are hydrolyzed to optically pure a-amino acid 17 by other enzymes, namely, L- or D-specific carbamoylase. This process was introduced in the 1970s for the production of L-amino acids 17 [33]. For many substrates, the racemization process is too slow and in order to increase its rate enzymes called racemases are used. In processes the three enzymes, racemase, hydantoinase, and carbamoylase, can be used simultaneously this enables the production of a-amino acids without isolation of intermediates and increases the yield and productivity. Unfortunately, the commercial application of this process is limited because it is based on L-selective hydantoin-hydrolyzing enzymes [34, 35]. For production of D-amino acid the enzymes of opposite stereoselectivity are required. A recent study indicates that the inversion of enantioselectivity of hydantoinase, the key enzyme in the... 

Wolf M, Clark-Lewis I, Buii C et al (2003) Cathepsin D specifically cleaves the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta, and SLC that are expressed in human breast cancer. Am J Pathol 162 1183-1190... 

Hypersensitivity to foreign epitopes Anti-idiotypic response to normal cells Immune complex disease Potential MPS toxicity D. Specific specificity... 

D. Specific Chaperones Involved in the Folding of Triple p-Stranded Folds... 

In view of the last report, it is interesting that Wu et in Beijing have identified an organism, Sinorhizobium morekns S-5, that can convert the hydantoin of racemic -hydroxyphenylglycine into the D-amino acid. This, similar to the process just described, involves a hydantoinase and a carbamoylase, but both appear to be strictly D-specific. These authors again draw attention to the fact that under mildly alkaline conditions, spontaneous racemization of the hydantoin should permit a 100% conversion to the final D-product. 

A stainless-steel reactor (36 mm i.d.), specifically designed and realized, is employed to test the ATR reaction. At the reactor outlet, a fixed fraction of the exhaust stream is sent to the analysis section after removing water in a cold trap. 

Analyte Microorganisms Detection limit [mgl ] Standard deviation (%) Response time (min) Stability (d) Specificity interferences Reference... 

B = volume of sample titrated (50ml) d specific gravity of the material (See 4.4.2)... 

Net counts/min., S.D. Specific activity, pCi/gram Total activity, pCi... 

P - 4,18 x lO dC /O+OJiOd), where P = Detonation pressure, kbar (1 kbar = 14504 psi) d = Specific gravity and C - Detonation velocity, fps This empirical formula is not given in Vol 4 of the Encycl, pp D483 to D492... 

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