Cytological staining

Enzyme-labeled fluorescence (ELF) Various phosphate-labeled fluorescent dyes, ELF 97 Uses phosphatase-based signal amplification. Applicable to immunohisto-chemical and cytological staining, mRNA in situ hybridization, detection of endogenous phosphatase activity, and blot analyses. 34... 

The Ag-NOR staining is performed at room temperature identically to the one-step colloidal method (adapted from Howell and Black, 1980 Ploton et al., 1986) described above for cytological staining of cells and tissue. The reaction is arbitrarily terminated by rinsing the nitrocellulose in distilled,... 

Gosden, J. R. Spowart, G. Lawrie, S. S. Satellite DNA and cytological staining patterns in heterochromatic inversions of human chromosome 9. Hum. Genet. 1981, 58, 276-278. 

Fernandes, T. S. Lloyd, D. Amaral, A. A comparison of different cytological stains for biological dosimetry. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 2008, 84, 703-711. 

Uncultured cells have also been used to a limited extent for fetal sex determination. This Is possible because the cells can be appropriately stained and examined for the presence of sex chromatin, characteristic of female cells, and for the fluorescent Y-body, characteristic of male cells (33,34). However, these cytologic techniques are not completely reliable, and It Is still desirable to determine fetal sex by direct chromosome analysis (35). 

Abendroth CS, Dabbs DJ. Immunocytochemical staining of unstained versus previously stained cytologic preparations. Acta Cytol. 1995 39 379-386. 

Liu H, Huang X, Zhang Y, et al. Archival fixed histologic and cytologic specimens including stained and unstained materials are amenable to RT-PCR. Diagn. Mol. Pathol. 2002 11 222-227. 

General cytoplasmic stains are much more problematic in that a single section never contains an entire cell, even for very small cells. The only strategy that can be used for these stains is to determine a concentration per area, given that there will be variation due to the variation in section thickness and perhaps also to cytoplasmic localization of stained product. And there is simply no accurate way to determine the total amount of material within a single cell cytoplasm, unless one has a cytological (intact) specimen. 

Other zinc solutions, free of formaldehyde, have been proposed.29 31 All of these simple buffered salt solutions preserve immunoreactivity well and are suitable for DNA, RNA, and proteomics research. Judging by published photomicrographs of hematoxylin and eosin-stained specimens, cytological detail is inferior to that achieved with standard formalin. Nuclei are condensed to the point where many lack chromatin patterns.3132 Such zinc salt solutions may be good for specialized purposes but are best used as special fixatives. To get good structural detail as well, specimens should be split so that a portion can... 

Miller R, Kubier P. Immunohistochemistry on cytologic specimens and previously stained slides (when no paraffin block is available). J. Histotechnol. 2002 25 251-257. 

Weintraub J, Redard M, Wenger D, et al. The application of immunocytochemical techniques to routinely fixed and stained cytologic specimens. Pathol. Res. Pract. 1990 186 658-665. 

Mounting media help the coverslip to adhere to the slide bearing the tissue section or cytological preparation, protect the specimen and the immunohis-tochemical staining from physical damage and improve the clarity and contrast of the image during microscopy. 

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