Cytokine measurements

House, R.V., Cytokine measurement techniques for assessing hypersensitivity, Toxicology, 158,51,2001. 

Stearman, M., and Southgate, H. J., The use of extended cytokine measurements in CSE during acute infective meningitis. In Proc. ACB Natl. Meet., pp. 83-84, 1994. 

Whiteside TL (1994), Cytokine measurements and interpretation of cytokine assays in human disease, J. Clin. Immunol. 14 327-339. 

Other immune parameters can be measured in the NHP such as cytokine measurements and delayed type hypersensitivity measurements, although these are less well characterized. Many human ELISA kits for cytokines can be used to measure cytokine levels in the NHP, but it is very important to determine if the reagents in these kits do truly cross-react with NHP cytokines. Whereas many of the human reagents do cross-react, exceptions exist, and the reagents need to be tested prior to use on a toxicology study. 

This chapter begins with a background discussion of cytoldnes followed by discussions of some important cytokines. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the analytical aspects of cytokine measurement. 

The comparative characteristics of bioassays and immunoassays when applied to cytokine measurements in biological fluids are listed in Table 22-9. ... 

Cytokine measurements in biological fluids. fNew high-sensitivity kits allow detection of 0.1 to 1 pg/mL. 

Malone D, Napolitano LM, Genuit T, Bochicchio GV, Kole K, Scalea TM. Total cytokine immunoassay a more accurate method of cytokine measurement J Trauma 2001 50 821-5. 

S. X. Leng, J. E. McElhaney, J. D. Walston, D. Xie, N. S. Fedatko, and G. A. Kuchel, ELISA and Multiplex Technologies for Cytokine Measurement in Inflammation and Aging Research. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A. Biological Sciences and Medieal Seienees 63 p. 879-884 (2008). 

The place of cytokine measurement in monitoring graft rejection is far from clear. At best such measurement may provide an additional early indication of impending rejection. At worst it may add nothing. Further detailed studies are required to address this issue. 

Source. Reproduced with permission from J. T. Whicher and E. Inghram, Cytokine measurements in body fluids, in Cytokines and Inflammation (J. Bienvenu and D. Fradelezi, Eds.), John Libbey, Eurotext, Paris, 1991. 

What is less clear, at present, is the role that other traditional immune evaluations may play in DIT assessment, including cytokine evaluation, flow cytometry, and immunomics. Based on the literature to date and the specific protocols employed, cell population changes, cytokine production alterations, dendritic cell and/or macrophage assessment, and immune histologic manifestation seem to be accessory parameters that are supportive of functional changes but not of themselves sentinel predictors of DIT. As described for adult animals (see Chapter 4), cytokine measurements in serum or peripheral blood may potentially be performed as a functional means to assess... 

---