Cytogenetic origin

In a table, compare the cytogenetic origin and the most suitable ecosystems for each cereal grain. 

Cytogenetic Analysis and Sex Determination. Since amnlotlc fluid cells are fetal In origin, they have the chromosome complement of the fetus Itself Therefore, the chromosomes of the fetus can be examined by karyotyping the cultured amnlotlc fluid cells There are two principal reasons for examining fetal chromosomes One, the numerically less frequent reason. 

Pacchierotti, F., Bassani, B., Leopardi, P. Zijno, A.. (1991) Origin of aneuploidy in relation to disturbances of cell-cycle progression. 11 Cytogenetic analysis of various parameters in mouse bone marrow cells after colchicine or hydroquinone treatment. Mutagenesis, 6, 307-311... 

Anastasi, J, Thangavelu, M., Vardiman, J. W., Hooberman, A L., Bian, M L., Larson, R. A, and Le Beau, M M. (1991) Interphase cytogenetic analysis detects minimal residual disease m a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and resolves the question of origin of relapse after allogeneic transplantation. Blood 77, 1087-1091. 

Kochert, G., Stalker, H.T., Gimenes, M., Galgaro, L., Lopes, C.R., and Moore, K., RFLP and cytogenetic evidence on the origin and evolution of allotetraploid domesticated peanut, Arachis hypogaea (Legu-minosae), Am. J. Bot., 83, 1282-1291, 1996. 

Paris Conference (1971), Supplement (1975) Standardization in Human Cytogenetics. Birth Defects Original Article Series, XI, 9, 1975. The National Foundation, New York. Reprinted in Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics (1975) 15 201-238. 

Although chromosomes differ In length and number between species, cytogenetic studies have shown that they all behave similarly at the time of cell division. Moreover, any eukaryotic chromosome must contain three functional elements In order to replicate and segregate correctly (1) replication origins at which DNA polymerases and other proteins initiate synthesis of DNA (see Figures 4-34 and 4-36), (2) the centromere, and (3) the two ends, or telomeres. The yeast transformation studies depicted In Figure 10-32 demonstrated the functions of these three chromosomal elements and established their importance for chromosome function. 

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