Cyperus

Cyperus rotundus L. is a weedy species, native to India, but widely distributed in countries on the Pacific Rim and islands in the Pacific Basin. Commonly referred to as purple nut sedge, it has been known in the Hawaiian Islands since the middle of the nineteenth century. In addition to its weedy nature, the taxon has attracted attention because of the antifebrile activity of its rhizomes. Chemical studies have disclosed the presence of several sesquiterpene derivatives, some of which have been implicated in the plant s medicinal use (cyperene and cyperinerol) (Wagner et ah, 1990, p. 1399). Our interest in this species is the existence of several chemotypes with interesting patterns of occurrence involving Pacific Rim countries and several oceanic islands, including the Hawaiian Islands, islands in the southern Pacific, and the Philippines. 

Fig. 6.4 Compounds 536-541, sesquiterpene derivatives from Cyperus, the nut sedge...

Table 6.1 Distribution of sesquiterpene derivatives in populations of Cyperus rotundas (from Komai and Tang, 1989)...

Purple nutsedge Cyperus rotundus L. cotton, peanuts soybeans, tobacco corn, cotton peanuts, sorghum soybeans, tobacco cotton (10) ... 

Extraction - ethanol Cyperus esculentus, tubers and leaves Ferulic acid and other phenolics 63, 64... 

Cyperus esculentus Datura stramonium Polygonum aviculare... 

El Ashry, H., Y. El Kilany, A. El Engebawy, and M. A. El Tarabouls (2003), Some chemical data on Cyperus papyrus L. the ancient papermaking material, Egyptian. Chem. 46(1), 181-185. 

Chase CA, Sinclair TR, Shilling DG, Gilreath JP, Locascio SJ (1998) Light effects on rhizome morphogenesis in nutsedges (Cyperus spp.) implications for control by soil solarization. Weed Sci 46 575-580... 

Chase CA, Sinclair TR, Locascio SJ (1999b) Effects of soil temperature and tuber depth on Cyperus spp. control. Weed Sci 47 467-472... 

Miles JE, Nishimoto RK, Kawabata O (1996) Diurnally alternating temperatures stimulate sprouting of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) tubers. Weed Sci 44 122-125 Miles JE, Kawabata O, Nishimoto RK (2002) Modeling purple nutsedge sprouting undersoil solarization. 

Patterson DT (1998) Suppression of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) with polyethylene film mulch. Weed Technol 12 275-280... 

Ricci MS, De Almeida DL, Ribeiro RD, Aquino AM, Pereira JC, Polli D, Reis VM, Eklund CR (2000) Cyperus rotundus control by solarization. Biol Agric Hort 17 151-157 Rieger M, Krewer G, Lewis P (2001) Solarization and chemical alternatives to methyl bromide for preplant soil treatment of strawberries. HortTechnology 11 258-264 Ristaino JB, Perry KB, Lumsden RD (1991) Effect of soil solarization and Gliocladium virens on sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii, soil microbiota, and the incidence of southern blight in tomato. Phytopathology 81 1117-1124... 

Webster TM (2005) Patch expansion of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) with and without polyethylene mulch. Weed Sci 53 839-845 White GJ, Buczacki ST (1979) Observations on suppression on clubroot by artificial or natural heating of soil. Trans Br Mycol Soc 73 271-275... 

Normal-phase TLC has been employed for the separation of two new flavans in the extract of the undergorund tubers of Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb. (family Cyperaceae). The underground tubes were dried, ground and were extracted with with petroleum ether diethyl ether-methanol (1 1 1, v/v) for 24 h at ambient temperature. The extract was defatted with cold methanol. The components of the extract were preliminarily separated by traditional column chromatography followed by GC/MS and TLC. New flavans (5-hydroxy-7,3, 5 -trimethoxyflavan and 5,7-hydroxy-3, 5 -dimethoxyflavan) were separated on silica TLC layers using petroleum ether-diethyl ether (1 3, v/v) with the RF values of 0.50 and 0.37 for dimethoxy and trimethoxy derivatives, respectively [115]. 

M. Abdel-Mogib, S.A. Basaif and S.T. Ezmirly, Two novel flavans from Cyperus conglomerate. Pharmazie 55 (2000) 693-695. 

This family possesses several species very tolerant to pollution. Many species are adapted to very wet sites, typically on the edge of bodies of water, and so are suited for phytoremediation in such environments. In the temperate and cooler zones of Europe, Carex hirta can be recommended Cyperus alternifolius is an alternative for more southerly parts of the continent, and similarly, C. papyrus for the Mediterranean and subtropical zones. All these species can be vegetatively propagated by division of the mother plant. 

Arrowhead Sagittaria sagittifoUa) Brooklime Veronica beccabunga) Dwarf papyrus Cyperus prolifer) Flowering rush Butomus umbellatus) Irises Iris)... 

The investigation of the essential oil of the plant Cyperus alopecuroides (order Poales, family Ceperaceae) revealed the existence of the dolabellane diterpene 36 (Fig. 5) [17]. The relative configuration was deduced from NOESY correlations but the absolute configuration remains undisclosed. 

It is believed that paper was invented by Ts ai in China around the 2nd century ad. The original paper was a mixture of bark and hemp. Paper was first produced in the United States by William Rittenhouse in Germantown, Pennsylvania, in 1690 and was made from rags. Paper was named after the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus. 

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