Cylindrical disks

Cylindrical disk R radius of disk (approximation for oblate ellipsoids for which a/b 1) ... 

Figure 12 Diagram of assembled states of the coat protein of tobacco mosaic virus M free monomers, BD cylindrical disks, LW/H protohelices and helices. Symbols results from differential scanning microscopy DSC, titration, and sedimentation experiments, lines theory. The theory is based on binding energy Equation (9) and presumes competing repulsive Coulomb and attractive hydrophobic interactions (Kegel and van der Schoot, 2006).

The crystal cut determines the mode of oscillations. Shear vibrations are generated if one large crystal face moves parallel with respect to the underlying planes as in QCMs with AT-cut a-quartz crystals. This crystal wafer is prepared by cutting the quartz at approximately 35.17° from its Z-axis. A typical crystal plate is a cylindrical disk of a diameter 10 mm and thickness about 0.7 to 0.1 mm for resonant operation in the 2 to 15 MHz frequency range. This type of crystals shows weak dependence of the resonant frequency on the temperature and stress for room temperature operation. 

Williams and Fredrickson proposed the hockey puck micelle (one of the nonlamellar structure) where the rods are packed axially to form finite-sized cylindrical disk covered by coils (Figure 2).15 They... 

Figure 9 Treatment of operable brain tumors with BCNU-loaded, p(CPP SA)-based wafers. (A) Schematic cross sections through a brain The tumor is illustrated as a black circle (he surrounding tissue is infiltrated by cancer cells. Upon tumor resection, up to eight drug-loaded wafers (cylindrical disks) are placed into the resection cavity to minimize the risk of local tumor recurrence. (B) Overall survival of 222 patients with recurrent brain tumors (phase HI clinical trial, after adjustment for prognostic factors). (C) Overall survival of 240 patients with newly diagnosed brain tumors (phase HI clinical trial, including results from (he long-term follow-up). Abbreviation ITT, intent-to-treat Source From Refs. 58 and 63 (B and C).

To facilitate the measurement of the bulk conductivity, the toner powders were compressed into thin cylindrical disks under a hydrostatic pressure of 100,000 psi. Under these pressures the toner flowed readily and formed a uniform pellet in which the toner particle surfaces were in more intimate contact than in a loose powder. Gold electrodes were evaporated onto the flat faces and the current as a function of the applied electric field measured. This measurement method of the conductivity has certain inherent disadvantages, however, this measurement was intended to be used simply to contrast the kinetic conductivity values reported in Section IV, not to extract absolute values of the material parameters. Nonetheless, several samples of various thicknesses were prepared and measured for each type of toner and the results were found to be quite reproducible. 

J. A. Edwards and J. B. Chaddock, An Experimental Investigation of the Radiation and Free-Convection Heat Transfer From a Cylindrical Disk Extended Surface, Trans. ASHRAE (69) 313-322,1963. 

The cells of "lithium-manganese dioxide" system are most abundant and most popular lithium cells. They are produced by many companies all over the world. Cells of cylindrical, disk, and prismatic form are produced. The main advantages of manganese dioxide-lithium cells amount to their relatively low cost (which is related to the application of not very expensive materials and simplicity of manufacturing) at a sufficiently high energy density. 

Electrodes were prepared by attaching the cylindrical disk of basal plane pyrolytic graphite (BPG) (Union Carbide Co.) on the edge of stainless rod by conductive polymer paste, then they were sealed with heat-shrinkable olefin tube. All electrodes employed in this study had geometric area of 0.17 cm. Fresh electrode surfaces were produced by cleaving the disk of BPG with a scalpel. The polymers or polymer complexes were directly coated on the electrode by casting method as described previously. ... 

Fleischmann, M., Pons, S. and Daschbach, J. (1991) The ac impedance of spherical, cylindrical, disk, and ring microelectrodes. Journal of Electroanalytixral Chemistry, 317, 1-26. 

Figure 3.12. The model cylindrical disks of microcrystallites of porous carbon (adapted from Segarra and Glandt, 1994). (b) Comparison of experimental and simulated adsorption isotherms for model carbons of different platelets sizes (a in nm) (A) methane at 301.4 K and (B) ethane at 300.0 K (Segarra and Glandt, 1994).

The die aperture is given by the profile of the extruded rod or tube. The die consists of a cylindrical disk made of steel having a high degree of hot strength, and takes some of the highest wear which depends in the main on the billet temperature, the extrusion pressure, and the exit speed of the extruded bar. 

The powders were then mixed with polyvinyl alcohol as a binder and were granulated. The granulated powders were pressed into cylindrical disks of 10 mm diameter and about 5 mm height at a pressure of about 200 MPa. These pellets were preheated at 600 °C for 4 h to expel the binder and then sintered at selected temperatures for 4 h in air at a heating rate of 5°Cmin . ... 

The samples are cylindrical disks of 13 mm diameter and 1 mm thick, the standards are graphite pellets of the same dimensions. 

The samples were cylindrical disks (15 or 20 inn diameter, 1 inn thick). The standard was pure aluminium powder (Erba, e.g.) mixed with disodium hydro-genphosphate (Mallinckrodt, e.g.). Disodium hydrogenphosphate was dried for 2 h at 150°C and finely ground in a mortar. The mixture that contained... 

DNA and linear polyelectrolyte concentrations usually refer to the concentration of the ionizable sites (for DNA these are the phosphate groups) along the backbone. Denoting this concentration by Q, the volume of our cylindrical disk is just l/Q ... 

The characteristics of micelles formed by hydrocarbon-type surfactants have been extensively studied. In dilute solutions, micelles are considered to be spherical or nearly spherical. The minimum space of the micelle interior has been calculated with the assumption that the radius of the interior region is approximately equal to the length of the fully extended hydrophobic chain and the empty space in the micelle interior is absent. The latter assumption is in accord with the liquidlike character of the micelle interior, supported by substantial evidence. However, micelles formed by hydrocarbon-type surfactants are larger than the space required for the hydrocarbon chain. Oblate or prolate micelle models have been proposed. At higher surfactant concentrations, a surfactant may form rodlike, cylindrical, disk-shaped, or lamellar micelles [1] or vesicles, which are lamellar micelles arranged in a spherical shape with water in between the lamellas (see Fig. 6.1). (See Section 7.4.)... 

Method of Obtaining Cylindrical (Disk-Like) Polymeric Objects with a Given Radial Gradient of the Refractive Index [124]... 

This could be explained by the fact that the model of Park assumes that the droplet has the form of a truncated sphere rather than a cylindrical disk, that is, a droplet on a substrate with a certain (small) contact angle. Only for a value of 23 6 kDa did the calculated maximum spreading factor deviate strongly from the experimental results. 

Figure 5 Leunination (a) and capping faults (b) 1n die pressed cylindrical disks.

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