Cydodextrins

Applications of computational chemistry to the study of cydodextrins 98CRV1829. 

Biomimetic reactions catalyzed by cydodextrins and their derivatives 98CRV1997. 

Introduction and general overview of cyclodextrin chemistry 98CRV1743. Methods for selective modifications of cydodextrins 98CRV1977. 

NMR studies of cyclodextrin and cyclodextrin complexes 98CRV1755. Organic reactions mediated by cydodextrins 98CRV2013. 

Structures of the common cydodextrins and their larger analogs 98CRV1785. Synthetic cyclic oligosaccharides 98CRV1919. 

Klang, V., Matsko, N., Zimmermann, A.M., Vojnikovic, E. and Valenta, C. (2010) Enhancement of stability and skin permeation by sucrose stearate and cydodextrins in progesterone nanoemulsions. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 393, 152—160. 

In order to minimize the fast electron-hole recombination, Calzolari et al. [50] attached a donor-acceptor boronic acid spacer between the anthocyanins and a gold electrode, and the same molecule between the dye and a P-cydodextrin which is able to bind I3 dissolved in the electrolyte near the chromophore. In that configuration, the device shows an increase in the quantum yield of the photocurrent from a negligible value to 1.75%. Such studies were not repeated on Ti02 layers. 

Fujita, H Ooya, T. and Yui, N. (1999) Thermally induced localization of cydodextrins in a polyrotaxane consisting of (3-cydodextrins and poly (ethylene glycol)-poly(propylene glycol) triblock copolymer. Macromolecules, 32, 2534-2541. 

Harada, A. Design and Construction of Supramolecular Architectures Consisting of Cydodextrins and Polymers. Vol. 133, pp. 141-192. 

In addition to fluorescence methods, another study [27] developed a method to permit electron microscopic localization of Ras anchor domains on cytoplasmic membrane surfaces by immunogold labeling. The particle neighbor distances can be analyzed to obtain information about possible domain structure. Expressing H-Ras and K-Ras in baby hamster kidney cells, a nonrandom particle distribution was obtained from which the estimated mean raft size was 7.5-22 nm and about 35% of the membrane area consists of rafts. The same technique applied to cells that had been incubated with [3-cydodextrin to reduce cholesterol produced completely random distributions of H-Ras. This cholesterol dependence suggests some type of coupling of rafts across the inner and outer membrane leaflets. 

D. H. Macartney, The Self-Assembly of a [2]Pseudoro-taxane of a-Cydodextrin by the Slippage Mechanism , J. Chem. Soc Perkin Trans. 21996, 2775-2778. 

Berberan-Santos M. N., Choppinet P., Fedorov A., Jullien L., Valeur B. (1999) Multichromophoric Cydodextrins. 6. Investigation of Exdtation Energy Hopping by Monte-Carlo Simulations and Time-Resolved Fluorescence Anisotropy, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121, 2526-2533. 

Figure 10.38 shows modified / - and y-cydodextrins with two identical appended fluorophores that are able to form extimers (Ueno et al., 1997). They have been studied in 10% ethylene glycol aqueous solutions. /J-cyclodextrins with two 2-naphthylsulfonyl moieties linked to the smaller rim (compounds / -CDl, / -CD2, / -CD3), have a cavity that is too small to include both fluorophores one of them is outside the cavity and the other is inside. The latter can be excluded from the cavity upon inclusion of a guest molecule. Therefore, the excimer band in the fluorescence spectrum increases upon guest inclusion. 

Yamasaki, A., Iwatsubo, T., Masuoka, T., and Mizoguchi, K. (1994) Pervaporation of ethanol/water through a poly(vinyl alcohol)/cydodextrin (PVA/CD) membrane./. Membr. Sd., 89,111-117. 

Among the best known and most versatile hosts are the various cydodextrins [1,2] of which a-, P- and y-cyclodextrins are the most available. These are cyclic oligosaccharides built up of six, seven, or eight glucopyranose units, respectively. These compounds can be prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of starch. The undoubtedly most important member of the cyclodextrin family is P-cyclodextrin (P-CD) which has become a cheap and easily available chemical, suitable for large scale applications. Schemes... 

A m titude of papers have been published describing the functionality of natural and modified CDs in complexing materials. Several reviews and publications provide current information on these complexes and their uses (13-15). Contemporary advances in cydodextrin chemistry and new applications are available from continuing annual symposia (16). 

Horikoshi, K. In Proc. 4th Inti. Symp. on Cydodextrins Huber, O. Szejth, J., Eds. Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht, 1988 p 87. 

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