Cyclooxygenase-2 , overexpression

Tomozawa S, Tsuno NH, Sunami E, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression correlates with tumour recurrence, especially haematogenous metastases, of colorectal cancer. BrJ Cancer 2000 83 324-328. 

Kawasaki T, Nosho K, Ohnishi M, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression is common in serrated and non-serrated colorectal adenoma, but tmcommon in hyperplastic polyp and sessile serrated polyp/adenoma. BMC Cancer. 2008 8 33. 

Boolbol, S.K., Dannenberg, A.J., Chadbum, A., Martucci, C, Guo, X.J., Ramonetti, J.T., Abreu-Goris, M, Newmark, H., Lipkin, M.L., DeCosse, J.J., and Bertgnolli, M.M., Cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression and tumor formation are blocked by suhndac in murine model of fanulial... 

Zhao Y, Patzer A, Herdegen T, Gohlke P, Culman J (2006) Activation of cerebral peroxisome proUferator-activated receptors gamma promotes neuroprotection by attenuation of neuronal cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. EASEB J 20 1162-1175... 

Tomozawa, S., Tsuno, N.H., Sunami, E., Hatano, K., Ki-tayama, J., Osada, T., Saito, S., Tsuruo, T., Shibata, Y, and Na-gawa, H. (2000) Cyclooxygenase-2 Overexpression Correlates with Tumour Recurrence, Especially Haematogenous Metastasis, of Colorectal Cancer, Br. J. Cancer 83,324—328. 

Pham, H., T. Banerjee et al. 2004. Suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression by 15S-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid in androgen-dependent prostatic adenocarcinoma cells. IntJ Canc 111(2) 192-197. 

Additional genes and protein receptors are believed to be important in colorectal tumorigenesis. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), which is induced in colorectal cancer cells, influences apoptosis and other cellular functions in colon cells, and overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a transmembrane glycoprotein involved... 

Okami J, Yamamoto H, Fujiwara Y, et al. Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 in carcinoma of the pancreas. Clin Cancer Res 1999 5 2018-2024. 

Kelley, K.A., Ho, L., Winger, D, Freire-Moar, I, Borelli, C.B., Aisen, P.S., and Pasinetti, G.M. 1999. Potentiation of Excitotoxicity in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Neuronal Cyclooxygenase-2. Am J Pathol 155, 995-1004. 

Subbaramaiah K, Norton L, Gerald W, Dannenberg AJ. Cyclooxygenase-2 is overexpressed in HER-2/neu-positive breast cancer evidence for involvement of AP-1 and PEA3. J Biol Chem. 277 (2002) 18649-18657. 

Ishrko, O.. Sumi. T.. Yhida. H.. Matsumoto. Y.. Honda, K., Deguchi. M.. Yamada. R.. and Ogita. S. (2001) Association Between Overexpression of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Suppression of Apoptosis in Advanced Cancer of the Uterine Cervix After Cyclic Balloon-Occluded Arterial Infusion, Oncol. Rep.8.1259-1263. 

Symbioimine (35) also significantly inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity (32%) at 10 pM. Meanwhile, it had only weak inhibitory ability (5%) toward COX-1 at 10 pM [72]. The overexpression of COX-2 has been observed in many kinds of tumors, and its role in carcinogenesis and angiogenesis has been extensively investigated [76,77]. Several COX-2-selective inhibitors, such as rofecoxib, celecoxib, and sulindac, have been developed. Because of its moderate subtype specificity, symbioimine (35) may be useful for the development of new nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) to treat COX-associated diseases, such as inflammatory diseases and cancer. 

More than 15 years ago, Jimg et aL reported the synthesis of the dicobalthex-acarbonyl derivative 31 (Q)-ASS) of the well-known analgesic aspirin (acetylsali-cylic acid (ASS)) [107]. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ASS are known to bind to cyclooxygenases (COXs). This family of enzymes is responsible for the formation of prostaglandin H2 from arachidonic acid. Three subtypes of COX are known, namely COX-1, COX-2, and COX-3, which is a splice variant of COX-1. COX-1 is constitutionally expressed, while COX-2 is overexpressed in many cancer cell lines. ASS is a selective inhibitor of the COX-1 subtype and its analgetic and antiaggregating effects stem from this interaction. 

Cipollone F, Prontera C, Pini B, et al. Overexpression of functionally coupled cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E synthase in symptomatic atherosclerotic plaques as a basis of prostaglandin E(2)-dependent plaque instability. Circulation 2001 104 921-927. 

The effect of nitric oxide on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression in head and neck cancer cell lines. Int. J. Cancer 107, 729-738. 

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