Cyclodextrins pharmaceutical products

The cyclodextrins (cycloamyloses) are torus-shaped molecules that can form crystalline inclusion compounds, recently attracting much attention as enzyme-site models. Their history has been seen in three phases. From 1891 to 1935 they were known as natural products, but with no recognition of their exact chemical structure. This recognition emerged in the second period, to about 1970, when most of their characteristics were also elucidated. The period from 1970 to the present has seen considerable research into their industrial use and production.239 Their inclusion compounds or complexes have found employment in such diverse fields as explosives, insecticides, pharmaceutical products, rust-prevention agents, and even baking powder. 

J. Pigments in Pharmaceutical Products The Pigment-Cyclodextrin Complexes... 

J. PIGMENTS IN PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS THE PIGMENT-CYCLODEXTRIN COMPLEXES... 

A very interesting field in membrane bioreactors is the production of cyclodextrins or oligosaccharides. In general, they have applications in food pharmaceutical, cosmetic agricultural, and plastics industries as emulsifiers, antioxidant, and stabilizing agents. In the food industry cyclodextrins are employed for the preparation of cholesterol-free products. The use of enzymatic membrane reactors to produce... 

An example of the efficiency of anion exchange chromatography is demonstrated by using cyclodextrines [110]. Depending on the number of glucose residues, one distinguishes between a-, / -, and y-cyclodextrin. Isolated from liquified potato starch after fermentation based on the enzyme system of Bac. macerans, they are constituents of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. The separation in Fig. 3-114 reveals that the cyclodextrin retention cannot be correlated with its molecular weight. 

P-Cyclodextrin and its derivatives have been shown to form amorphous lyophilized products with a number of compounds, principally nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. Examples from the literature of excipients and pharmaceuticals prepared as amorphous materials by lyophilization are given in Table 7. 

One product made directly by the fermentation of starch, cyclodextrin, is especially interesting as a fermentation product In 1998 the global market was estimated between 1800 and 3600tormes. As stated by the company, Wacker Chemie had at that time a production capacity of 3000 tonnes. Today, 10 years later, they have increased their production capacity to 7500 tonnes of cydodextrins a year. These molecules are used as stabilizers and exdpients in the pharmaceutical, life sdence, cosmetics, food, and agricultural industries. 

Even smaller, nanometer size particles, can be prepared Irom cyclodextrin. These particles are useful as a carrier for pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. First, a solution of cyclodextrin in an organic solvent mixture is prepared, followed by the preparation of a water dispersion of surfactant. When the two components are mixed together a colloidal dispersion of microspheres is produced. Particles sizes range Irom 90 to 900 nm. Typical solvents are methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and acetone. Solvents are used in the purification of xanthan gum to lower ash and to obtain a product with no traces of solvents. Lower alcohol is used as the solvent. Solvents have also been used to decolor fatty acid esters. Crude oils extracted by pressing or with solvents cannot be used in cosmetic products. Re-... 

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