Cyclic nucleotides structure

Turowski et al. [116] using PCA classified typical commercially available and several newly prepared stationary phases with regard to the mechanism of retention of nucleosides and cyclic nucleotides. Structural features of the analytes were identified which most strongly affected retention on individual stationaiy phase materials. 

FIGURE 11.14 Structures of the cyclic nucleotides cAMP aud cGMP. 

Braun, P. E., Lee, J. and Gravel, M. 2, 3 -cyclic nucleotide 3 -phosphodiesterase Structure, biology and function. In R. A. Lazzarini (ed.), Myelin biology and disorders. San Diego, CA Elsevier Academic Press, 2004,499-522. 

Francis, S.Fi. und Corbin, ID. Structure and function of cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases (1994) Ann. Rev. Physiol. 56, 237-272... 

Francis, S. H. T. I., Corbin, J. D. (2001) Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases relating structure and function. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 65, 1. 

In conclusion, flavonoids exert endothelium-independent vasodilator effects in isolated vascular smooth muscles that are related to the structure of the compound tested. The main vasodilator mechanism of flavonoids seems to be related to the inhibition of PKC, although an inhibitory effect on cyclic nucleotide PDEs and Ca2+ uptake and other protein kinases may also contribute to these actions, Fig. (4). 

The work, summarized by Brown and Todd (424), clearly indicated the 3, 5 linkage in RNA, the occurrence of 2 3 -cyclic phosphates as intermediates in the cleavage of RNA, and the high proportion of pyrimidines on the 3 side of the bond cleaved. Subsequent investigations have probed more deeply into the problem of specificity, investigating different parts of the nucleotide structure. 

Biel M, Zong X, Ludwig A, Sautter A, Hofmann F (1999) Structure and function of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 135 151-71 Blackshaw S, Eliasson MJ, Sawa A, Watkins CC, Krug D, Gupta A, Arai T, et al. (2003) Species, strain and developmental variations in hippocampal neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase clarify discrepancies in nitric oxide-dependent synaptic plasticity. Neuroscience 119 979-90... 

Hofmann F, Biel M, Kaupp UB (2005) International Union of Pharmacology. LI. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of cyclic nucleotide-regulated channels. Pharmacol Rev 57 455-62... 

Baumann A., Frings S., Godde M., Seifert R. and Kaupp U.B. (1994) Primary structure and functional expression of a Drosophila cyclic nucleotide-gated channel present in eyes and antennae. EMBO J. 13, 5040-5050. 

Understand the properties of purine and pyrimidine bases and nucleosides, and nucleotides with varying amounts of phosphate. Recognize the structures of the various xanthines, cyclic nucleotides, uric acid, and bases found in nucleic acids. 

---