Cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein

Francis, S.Fi. und Corbin, ID. Structure and function of cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases (1994) Ann. Rev. Physiol. 56, 237-272... 

Francis SH, Corbin JD (1999) Cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases intracellular receptors for cAMP and cGMP action. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 36 275-328... 

Wagner LE, 2nd, Li WH, Yule DI (2003) Phosphorylation of type-1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors by cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases a mutational analysis of the functionally important sites in the S2+ and S2- splice variants. J Biol Chem 278 45811-7 Wall ME, Francis SH, Corbin JD, Grimes K, Richie-Jannetta R, Kotera J, Macdonald BA, et al. (2003) Mechanisms associated with cGMP binding and activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sd USA 100 2380-5... 

Tegge, W., Frank, R., Hofmann, F., and Dostmann, R.G. (1995) Determination of cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase substrate specificity by the use of peptide libraries on cellulose paper. Biochemistry 34, 10569-10577. 

E. Butt, M. Bernhardt, A. Smolensk , P. Kotsonis, L. G. Frohlich, A. Sickmann, H. E. Meyer, S. M. Lohmann and H. H. Schmidt, Endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (type III) is activated and becomes calcium independent upon phosphorylation by cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases. J Biol Chem 275, 5179-5187 (2000). 

A. Regulation by Cyclic Nucleotide-Dependent Protein Kinases... 

Although the role of the phosphorylation of the IP3 receptor is not known at this time, these results indicate that phosphorylation of proteins by cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases is a more complex event than the mere recognition of substrates by kinases via phosphorylation sites on the substrate. Our laboratory has suggested that the localization of PKG with substrates (which may or may not be specific substrate proteins for PKG in vitro) may contribute to the selective phosphorylation of proteins by this kinase (Cornwell et al., 1991 Lincoln, 1994 Wyatt et al 1991). Hence, the proteins localized to the rat aortic SMC SR (phospholamban and the IP3 receptor) are selectively phosphorylated upon elevation of cGMP, but not cAMP, due to the localization of PKG to this region of the cell. It is the localization of the protein kinase to substrate that may determine the physiological outcome of phosphorylation in the intact cell. This point is illustrated in Fig. 4. In Fig. 4B PKG is proposed to be localized with specific proteins in the rat aortic SMC SR (i.e., phospholamban and the IP3 receptor). PKA is not found in this organelle (Cornwell et al., 1991). Elevations in... 

The studies described in this chapter indicate that there is simply no specific effect of a cyclic nucleotide analog or a cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase in cells. In some instances cyclic nucleotide analogs (e.g.,... 

Kuo, J. F., and Greengard, P. (1970). Cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases VI. Isolation and partial purification of a protein kinase activated by guanosine 3, 5 -monophosphate. J. Biol. Chem. 245, 2493-2498. 

The frequency and amplitude of calcium sparks are modulated by SR calcium load, protein kinase C (PKC) and cyclic nucleotides/cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases (Bonev et al. 1997 Porter et al. 1997). Calcium spark frequency decreases following activation of PKC (Bonev et al. 1997). This effect appears to be mediated by a direct action of PKC on... 

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