Cyanosis

QHgNiOiS. Colourless crystals, m.p. 164 5-166-5" C. It is usually prepared by treating p-acetamidobenzenesulphonyl chloride with ammonia, and hydrolysing the acetyl derivative to the base. Used for the treatment of streptococcal infections, gonorrhoea, meningococcal meningitis and urinary infections. Liable to cause unpleasant reactions, such as nausea, cyanosis and skin rashes. 

Concentrations of nickel carbonyl as low as 30 ppm in air for 30 min may be lethal for humans. Individuals exposed to these high concentrations show immediate symptoms of dizziness, headache, shortness of breath, and vomiting. These early symptoms generally disappear in fresh air, but delayed symptoms may develop 12—36 h later. These latter symptoms include shortness of breath, cyanosis, chest pain, chills, and fever. In severe exposure cases. 

The use of oxygen in pediatric incubators is an important factor in increasing the survival rate of premature infants who develop cyanosis. However, the use of oxygen is associated with risk of developing the visual defect known as retrolental fibroplasia (38). A careflil monitoring of arterial blood oxygen partial pressure is important. 

Sodium nitrite is poisonous and prolonged contact with dry sodium nitrite or its solutions can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. The LD q (oral, rat) is 85 mg per kg body weight (11). Inhalation or ingestion of significant quantities of dust or mist may result in acute toxic effects such as nausea, cyanosis, and low blood pressure, which can lead to possible coUapse, coma, and even death. 

Arsenic compounds must be considered extremely poisonous. Dust or fumes irritate mucous membranes and lead to arsenical poisoning. When swallowed they irritate the stomach and affect the heart, Hver, and kidneys. Nervousness, thirst, vomiting, diarrhea, cyanosis, and coUapse are among the symptoms of arsenical poisoning (3). In spite of the toxicity of arsenic compounds, there is evidence that arsenic is an essential nutrient for several animal species (4). 

In the search for new structures with antiinflammatory activities some 1-substituted 3-dimethylaminoalkoxy-lJ/-indazoles (704) have been synthesized and pharmacologically tested (66JMC38). Doses of 20-40 mg g i.p. produced sedation, muscle relaxation and motor incoordination, whereas doses of 80-100 mg kg produced depression. Toxicity was fairly constant in all series, varying from 120 to 150 mg kg i.p., with the exception of compounds possessing a nitro group or an amino group in the indazole nucleus, which provoked cyanosis. 

White has shown that the lysergic acids themselves exhibit weakly some, but not all, of the types of activity characteristic of the alkaloids of higher molecular weight. Both acids produce a slight transitory cyanosis of the cockscomb and cause ataxia and delayed miosis in the cat and also relax the isolated rabbit intestine. On the whole, lysergic acid appeared more active than the isomeride. 

Blau-spat, m. lazulite. -stein, m. blucstone, blue vitriol lazulite (Metal.) blue metal, blue mat(te). -stich, m. bluish tinge or tint, -stift, m. blue pencil, -stoff, m. cyanogen, -sucht, /. cyanosis. 

According to Merck (Ref 5), ... isopropyl nitrite can cause vasodilation with fall in blood pressure, tachycardia, headache. Large doses can cause methemoglobinuria with cyanosis. Severe poisoning results in shock which can end fatally. . 

Integumentary (skin) Pallor, cyanosis, cold and clammy, sweating ... 

A general survey of the patient also is necessary. It is important to look for additional symptoms of shock, such as cool skin, cyanosis, diaphoresis, and a change in the level of consciousness. Other assessments may be necessary if the hypotensive episode is due to trauma, severe infection, or blood loss. 

Prolonged high-dose therapy of the adrenergic drugs can produce cyanosis and tissue necrossof distal extremities It is important to remember to use the lowest posable dose that producesan adequate response for the shortest period of time. The nurse monitors the patient s extremitiescloseiy for any signs of cyanosis... 

Looking for evidence of other problems, such as cyanosis, shortness of breath on exertion (if the patient is allowed out of bed) or when lying flat, and mental changes. 

The most common adverse reaction associated with the administration of fat emulsion is sepsis caused by administration equipment and thrombophlebitis caused by vein irritations from concurrently administering hypertonic solutions. Less frequently occurring adverse reactions include dyspnea, cyanosis, hyperlipidemia, hypercoagulability, nausea, vomiting, headache flushing, increase in temperature sweating, sleepiness, chest and back pain, slight pressure over the eyes, and dizziness. 

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