Cyanogen chloride Subject

Other methods were developed for various anions. Bromides were oxidized with permanganate and the bromine so produced reacted with cyclohexene to form 1,2-dibromocyclohexane [577]. Similarly, iodides were analysed in milk as monoiodoacetone after oxidation with iodate and after reaction of the released iodine with acetone [578]. Pennington [579] utilized the same oxidation reaction for the analysis of iodates the iodine released was analysed as such. Cyanides were chlorinated prior to analysis with chloramine-T and the cyanogen chloride so produced was subjected to GC [580]. Analogously, cyanides and isocyanates form cyanogen bromide with bromine water, which can be analysed by GC [581]. 

Cyanogen Chloride (CK). RfDe = 3 x 10 mg kg d . Data were not available to derive an RfDe directly from studies conducted on CK. Because the systemic toxicity of CK results from its transformation to free cyanide, CK is expected to elicit the same toxic effects as cyanide. Therefore, an oral RfDe for CK was derived from studies conducted on cyanide. Two studies were considered cocritical in the derivation of the RfDe one animal study and one human epidemiological study. In the animal study, a NOAEL was identified and a total uncertainty factor of 300 was applied to account for protection of sensitive subpopulations (10), animal-to-human extrapolation (10), and extrapolation from a subchronic to chronic exposure (3). A full factor of 10 was not used for the latter UF because chronic oral data were also available which showed that the subchronic NOAEL was adequately protective. In the human epidemiological study, a LOAEL was identified and a total uncertainty factor of 30 was applied to account for extrapolation from a subchronic to chronic exposure (3) and extrapolating from a LOAEL to a NOAEL (10). A uncertainty factor for sensitive human subpopulations was not used because the subject population... 

The reaction products formed in plasma metal etchers are a complex mixture of chlorinated and fluorinated compounds. The maintenance of metal etchers often involves short duration operations that generate strong odors. Hexachloroethane was found to be the major cause of odor in one type of aluminum etcher.h l In another, cyanogen chloride was the main problem exposure levels were 11 times the 0.3 ppm TLV .[20] In still other types of etchers, hydrogen chloride is associated with the odor (maximum exposure measured was 68 ppm odor threshold for HCl is less than 5 ppm). The paper by Mueller and Kunesh is a good source of additional information on the subject.I l... 

CAUTION The evaporating solvent may contain cyanogen chloride and due precautions must be taken that the exhaust from the aspirator or pump be properly treated. The residue is then subject to distillation under reduc pressure to yield 112 gm (94%), bp 55 C (0.4 mm). 

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