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Cyano functional group, nitriles

Nitriles are a class of chemicals widely used for a variety of applieations including as a solvent, in medicines and in other industrial application. Nitriles oecur naturally in both plants and animals and are also synthesized. Their ubiquitous nature and volume of use mean that the number of individual potentially exposed to nitriles is significant, therefore evaluating and redueing the risk associated with exposure to this class of compounds is warranted. All nitriles eontain the cyano functional group (CN). The toxicity of nitriles is similar to the toxicity of cyanide intoxication implying that that the cyanide moiety from the molecule is the ultimate toxicant. [Pg.152]

Substitutive lUPAC nanes for nitriles add the suffix -nitrile to the nane of the parent hydrocarbon chain that includes the carbon of the cyano group. Nitriles may also be named by replacing the -ic acid or -oic acid ending of the coiresponding carboxylic acid with -onitrile. Alternatively, they are sometimes given functional class lUPAC nfflnes as alkyl cyanides. [Pg.832]

Nitriles are organic compounds that contain a triple bond between a carbon and a nitrogen atom. The functional group in nitriles is the cyano (—C=N)... [Pg.101]

Organonitriles are organic substances that contain the cyano (-C = N) group. Nitriles have wide commercial applications that include solvents, synthetic intermediates, pharmaceuticals, and monomers, to name just a few. As a class of substances, there are two types of toxicity associated with exposure to nitriles acute lethality and osteolathyrism. Some nitriles are known to cause both. The mechanisms by which nitriles cause these toxic effects, the corresponding relationships between nitrile structure and toxic potency for each effect, and the use of this information as a basis to design substances that may need to contain the functionality of the cyano group but will cause minimal toxicity have been discussed in detail [7]. Only the biochemical mechanism and SARs related to acute lethality of nitriles are discussed here. More detailed discussions are available [7, 8, 61]. [Pg.90]

Specific adsorbents with electron densities on surface. Graphitized carbon blacks with dense monolayers of Group B molecules or macromolecules deposited on surface. Adsorbents with a functional group, for example, cyano, nitrile, or carbonyl, would also be included in this category. [Pg.107]

In the presence of more senior functional groups, the nitrile function is expressed by the prefix cyano. ... [Pg.1175]

There is much current interest in the design and development of the "double functional group transformation" concept, an excellent illustration of which is the now well known and widely exploited Eschenmoser fragmentation reaction. A recent example of the "double functional group transformation" is the one-flask conversion of 1-nitrocycloalkenes into terminally unsaturated nitriles by treatment first with trimethylsilylmethylmagnesium chloride (1.8 eq.) in THF at -20°C and then, in situ, with PCI3 (2.5 eq.) at 67°C. 2-Nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, for example, gave cis-1 -cyano-3-vinylcyclopentane in 33% yield, and similar yields of ene-nitriles were obtained from a variety of monocyclic and bicyclic 1-nitrocycloalkenes. [Pg.122]

As a rule, the interaction of functionally substituted nitriles with 2-mercaptobenzoic acid takes place at the expense of the cyano group s... [Pg.142]

Nitriles can also be used as starting materials for the synthesis of ketones. Discussed in Chapter 21, nitriles are compounds containing the cyano (—C=N) functional group. Since nitrogen is more electronegative than carbon, the —C=N triple bond is polarized like the C=O bond of the carbonyl group. Nucleophiles can add to the — C = N triple bond by attacking the electrophilic carbon atom. [Pg.833]

There are also stationary phases that effectively partition solutes in either reversed-phase or normal-phase mode. These stationary phases are typically silica particles derivatized with cyano, diol, or amino functional groups. Particles with a cyano-functionality separate based on polarity utilizing nitrile interactions between the stationary phase and the solute. The amino group of typical amino stationary phases interacts primarily with anionic and organic acid portions of the solute. Diols utilize hydroxyl interactions similar to underivatized silica but offer a slightly different selectivity. These and other bonded-silica phases offer alternatives to underivatized silica, but they are used much less frequently. The mobile phases employed with these stationary phases are the same as used in standard reversed-phase or normal-phase chromatography. [Pg.236]


See other pages where Cyano functional group, nitriles is mentioned: [Pg.294]    [Pg.676]    [Pg.217]    [Pg.26]    [Pg.99]    [Pg.809]    [Pg.197]    [Pg.516]    [Pg.180]    [Pg.180]    [Pg.184]    [Pg.7]    [Pg.141]    [Pg.104]    [Pg.92]    [Pg.627]    [Pg.366]    [Pg.1079]    [Pg.217]    [Pg.313]    [Pg.169]    [Pg.81]    [Pg.106]    [Pg.217]    [Pg.836]    [Pg.252]    [Pg.382]    [Pg.417]    [Pg.226]    [Pg.651]    [Pg.535]    [Pg.400]    [Pg.502]    [Pg.360]    [Pg.360]    [Pg.228]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.152 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.152 ]




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Cyano group

Nitrile group

Nitriles cyano

Nitriles functional group

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