Symbols implies that

There is one further addition to the state symbolism that we have not mentioned so far. This is the superscript o as in the ground state of boron, 2P<]n- The symbol implies that the arithmetic sum Ii i for all the electrons in the atoms is an odd number, 1 in this case. When there is no such superscript this implies that the sum is an even number for example it is 4 in the case of oxygen. 

The meaning of m is same as that in Table 4.9. The symbol implies that the hazard grade must be established by test results on a powdered sample of the formed products. 

The triangular restrictions for the 67-symbols imply that 5 = 5,5 1 and 5,2 = S,2, S,2 1. Therefore the reduced matrix elements fill the places according to the recipe... 

The triangular restriction for the 67-symbol implies that 5 = S, S 1 and Si 2 = 5,2, 5,2 1 should be fulfilled. A further restriction follows from the expansion of the 97-symbols containing three Is. Consequently the reduced matrix elements can fill only the places according to the recipe... 

Although these are all of the combinations, some of them are ruled out by the Pauli principle. For example, the term symbol implies that for both electrons, mf = + and that the spins are oriented in the same direction (that is, the for both electrons is the same). This implies that both electrons have the same set of four quantum numbers, which is forbidden by the Pauli principle. Therefore, the... 

I. Calculate die heat of reaction. The symbol implies that the sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfate are in infinitely dilute solution. Therefore, the heat of solution must be included in the calculations. Data on both heat of formation and heat of solution at the standard conditions (25°C and 1 atm) are available in Table 1.19. Since the answer sought is also to be at standard conditions, there is no need to adjust for differences in temperature (or pressure), and the equation to be used is simply... 

If a molecule has a plane of symmetry, for which the symbol is a, reflection of all the nuclei through the plane to an equal distance on the opposite side produces a configuration indistinguishable from the initial one. Figure 4.3(a) shows the two planes of symmetry, (7 (xz) and (yfyz), of H2O using conventional axis notation. Just as theyz plane, the plane of the molecule, is a plane of symmetry so any planar molecule has at least one plane of symmetry. The subscript u stands for vertical and implies that the plane is vertical with respect to the highest-fold axis, C2 in this case, which defines the vertical direction. 

This use of 5 should not be confused with its use as a term symbol to imply that L = 0. 

Figure 9.24 shows part of the laser Stark spectrum of the bent triatomic molecule FNO obtained with a CO infrared laser operating at 1837.430 cm All the transitions shown are Stark components of the rotational line of the Ig vibrational transition, where Vj is the N-F stretching vibration. The rotational symbolism is that for a symmetric rotor (to which FNO approximates) for which q implies that AA = 0, P implies that A/ = — 1 and the numbers indicate that K" = 7 and J" = 8 (see Section 6.2.4.2). In an electric field each J level is split into (J + 1) components (see Section 5.2.3), each specified by its value of Mj. The selection mle when the radiation is polarized perpendicular to the field (as here) is AMj = 1. Eight of the resulting Stark components are shown. 

In all the equations above we have omitted the dependencies on r the symbol denotes convolution in r-space. The symmetry of the correlation functions implies that Similarly to the total pair corre-... 

It is possible, of course, to use some sort of blank symbol to separate code words, but this would really imply that a tertiary alphabet was available. One easy way to guarantee that the code words can be separated from each other is to use a prefix code. We define a prefix code as a code in which no code word is the same as the initial part, or prefix, of another code word. More precisely, for any i and j, if % < np then vt must not be equal to the first nt digits of v. The following theorem now gives necessary and sufficient conditions on the set of lengths %, , n that can be used in a prefix code. 

A sutmnaty of the above shows various terms used for eaeh type of representation first (maero level, maeroscopic level, macroscopic world), second (sub-micro level, microscopic level, submicro level, submicroscopic level, molecular world, atomic world), and third (symbolic level, sy mbolic world, representational chemistry, algebraic system). In onr view, the system of terminology shonld be both as brief as possible and avoid any possible ambiguities of meaning. Conseqnently, sub-micro and snb-microscopic fall foul of our first criterion for they perhaps imply that snch a level can be seen through an optical microscope. For those reasons, we have decided to nse macro, submicro, symbolic for the individual types and triplet relationship to cover all three. The triplet relationship is a key model for chemical edncation. However, the authors in this book have been fiee to decide for themselves which conventions to use. Nevertheless, it is our intention to promote the terms macro, submicro, symbolic in all subsequent work and to discuss the value of the triplet relationship in chemical education. 

The bold-face characters employed in Eq. (33) imply that each symbol represents a matrix. The problem of the resolution of simultaneous linear equations will be discussed in Section 7.8, as certain properties of matrices must first be explained. 

Note that here bracket does not mean just any round, square, or curly bracket but specifically the symbols and > known as the angle brackets or chevrons. Then ( /l is called a bra and Ivp) is a ket, which is much more than a word play because a bra wavefunction is the complex conjugate of the ket wavefunction (i.e., obtained from the ket by replacing all f s by -i s), and Equation 7.6 implies that in order to obtain the energies of a static molecule we must first let the Hamiltonian work to the right on its ket wavefunction and then take the result to compute the product with the bra wavefunction to the left. In the practice of molecular spectroscopy l /) is commonly a collection, or set, of subwavefunctions l /,) whose subscript index i runs through the number n that is equal to the number of allowed static states of the molecule under study. Equation 7.6 also implies the Dirac function equality... 

Figure 5.8 presents typical spectra taken on both polymer solutions at 300 K (a) and 378 K (b). The PDMS data are represented by open symbols, while the PIB data are shown by full symbols. Let us first look at the data at 378 K. At Q=0.04 A"i (QR =0.S) we are in the regime of translational diffusion, where the contributions of the intrachain modes amount to only 1%. There the spectra from both polymers are identical. Since both polymers are characterized by equal chain dimensions, the equality of the translational diffusion coefficients implies that the draining properties are also equal. In going to larger Q-values, gradually the spectra from the PlB-solutions commences to decay at later times. This effect increases with increasing Q and is maximal at Q=0.4 A" (see Fig. 5.8a). 

EXTERNAL or HOUSE Event The EXTERNAL or HOUSE event represents a condition or an event that is assumed to exist as a boundary condition for the fault tree. The HOUSE symbol also implies that the event has a high probability of occurring. 

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