Current Mission

Where does process safety show up in these mission statements and explanations The current mission statements of nine major chemical and oil companies were examined [DuPont, British Petroleum (BP), Dow, Exxon, BASF, Chevron, Koch, Valero, and Bayer]. None of them mentioned process safety specifically. In the further explanation documents, some companies mentioned safety and environmental goals but there was no specific mention of process safety. This may be more understandable than it first appears. The audience is very broad, essentially everyone who is interested in the given company. Further, most people would not understand what process safety is, though some communities in which these companies operate understand very well what it is. It may also be that companies believe that operating without a process release is a given expectation in line with such basic expectations as accurate financial statements or obeying applicable regulations and laws. 

The CVSA is a not-for-profit organization that was created to keep the roadways safe from commercial motor vehicle accidents and incidents. Its devotion to safety is demonstrated in its current mission statement which reads Our mission is to promote commercial motor vehicle safety and security by providing leadership to enforcement, industry, and policy makers. This is accomplished by establishing effective transportation safety standards for motor carriers, drivers, vehicles, and inspectors through compliance, education, training, and enforcement programs. ... 

The current mission can be changed or restarted depending on the internal system state or changes in the system environment ... 

At different architectural levels the system behaviour is governed by the SENSE — PLAN ACT pattern, i.e., the system first senses the environment changes and/or its internal failures, then plans on how to react on those, and finally acts on its decisions either changing its course of actions of by continuing the current mission ... 

Abstract Model. In the initial specification, we abstractly model the system state and state transitions. We partition the system state space into four groups meta-states) IN.MISSION (i.e., the system is progressing towards the current mission), COMPLETED (i.e., the current mission is completed or in the last completing phase), UNSAFE (i.e., the system is disrupted by external or internal adverse events) and DEGRADED (i.e., the system is in a degraded yet safe state). The possible transitions between the meta-states are shown on Fig.l. 

Finally, we also add a new event ChangeMission allowing the system to non-derministically change its current mission (if the system is not in the UNSAFE or DEGRADED states). In the later refinement steps, this event will be constrained to model a reaction on communication or a detected environment change. 

Third Refinement. In the third refinement step, we introduce the behavioural pattern SENSE —> PLAN —> ACT typically governing behaviour of autonomic systems. At each cycle, the system checks (senses) the environment for possible changes (failures, arrived messages, etc.), then decides on a system reaction (e.g., moving to a degraded state, changing its current mission), and finally continues... 

The treasure objects hidden in the archipelago are the same in all game sessions (as discussed in section 3.2) also the images on the treasure cards are the same, but the quizzes are dynamically customized to the current mission of the player who clicks on the object and discovers the treasure. For example, a shark may hide a card showing the image of cous-cous plate but the quiz is Is this Japanese food only for the player whose current mission is to collect Japanese food another question will appear on the same card for a player who has a different mission. 

In the individual version, the player is initially assigned to a country and a mission (as in the multiplayer versions), and a new mission for the same country is automatically assigned after the current mission is completed. As in the MC version, the game terminates when all treasures for the current country have been discovered. 

The published figure for current missions (2008) is 1/80. To our knowledge it is a projected estimation based on calculations of reliability. It happens to be consistent with the simple observation that there were two catastrophic accidents in 124 missions (up until end of 2008). This information is provided as a simple observation. Both quantities are difficult to compare because the causes of these accidents have been resolved or significantly reduced since then, and because they were probably not included, or not appropriately considered in the estimates of 1986 and 2003 when these two accidents occurred. Note finally that there have been two catastrophic accidents in a total (up until end of 2008) of 97 manned Soyuz missions. 

Panels of siUca aerogels have already been flown on several Space Shuttle missions (74). Currently a STARDUST mission has been planned by NASA to use aerogels to capture cometary samples (>1000 particles of >15 micron diameter) and interstellar dust particles... 

Weight savings can also mean the difference between whether the structure we design can perform its mission or not. The current Space Shuttle payload is limited to 60,000 lb (27,200 kg). If we have an object that we wish to carry up into space that weighs 65,000 lb (29,500 kg), then we are out of luck. That object does not satisfy the Shuttle s weight limit. We must wait for a new-generation Space Shuttle, or sufficient weight in the object to be carried must be saved to fit within the current Space Shuttle limitations. 

Dry Cells Chemical. -Simplicity. -Low output -Short life-span -Bulk -Current deterioration. In use for short duration space missions. Various designs provide different life-span and output. 

Fuel Cells Chemical. -High output -Stable current -Water supply as a sub-product. -Complex design -Bulk -Life-span is limited by onboard fuel supply. Used in some piloted spacecraft for short duration missions. 

Generators radioisotope -Stable current -Require additional duration missions,... 

Irradiated Fuel A historically important and continuing mission at the Hanford site is to chemically process irradiated reactor fuel to recover and purify weapons-grade plutonium. Over the last 40 years, or so, several processes and plants— Bismuth Phosphate, REDOX, and PUREX—have been operated to accomplish this mission. Presently, only the Hanford PUREX Plant is operational, and although it has not been operated since the fall of 1972, it is scheduled to start up in the early 1980 s to process stored and currently produced Hanford -Reactor fuel. Of nine plutonium-production reactors built at the Hanford site, only the N-Reactor is still operating. 

Kurt Varmuza was bom in 1942 in Vienna, Austria. He studied chemistry at the Vienna University of Technology, Austria, where he wrote his doctoral thesis on mass spectrometry and his habilitation, which was devoted to the field of chemometrics. His research activities include applications of chemometric methods for spectra-structure relationships in mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy, for structure-property relationships, and in computer chemistry, archaeometry (especially with the Tyrolean Iceman), chemical engineering, botany, and cosmo chemistry (mission to a comet). Since 1992, he has been working as a professor at the Vienna University of Technology, currently at the Institute of Chemical Engineering. 

Each Expert module is permitted to use any convenient method to carry out its mission of interpreting its assigned data. The Experts use private rules and data structures, and communicate with the Controller module both by suggesting the presence of substructures, and by evaluating the likelihood of substructures under consideration. Each Expert can read the current confidence level associated with each substructure, and thus has access to information generated by other Experts or deduced by the Reasoner. 

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