Crystal rutile

Bai, H. Liu, Z. Sun, D. D., Facile preparation of monodisperse, carbon doped single crystal rutile Ti02 nanorod spheres with a large percentage of reactive (110) facet exposure for highly efficient H2 generation. /. Mat. Chem. 2012,22 18801-18807. 

White tetragonal crystals rutile structure density 1.45 g/cm decomposes at 200°C reacts with water. 

Fig. 3-2.—The atomic arrangement oi liv tetragonal crystal rutile, TiOj. Large circles represent oxygen atoms, small circles titanium atoms. Each titanium atom is surrounded by oxygen atoms at the corners of an octahedron. Each octahedron Bhares two opposite edges with adjacent octa-hedra, to form long strings of octahedra that extend along the c axis of the crystal (vertically, in the drawing).

Abstract The surfaces of model metal oxides offer many fundamental examples where the outcome of a specific chemical reaction might be linked to the surface structure and local electronic properties. In this work the reaction of simple molecules such as ammonia, alcohols, carboxylic and amino acids is studied on two metal oxide single crystals rutile TiO CllO) and (001) and fluorite UOj(l 11). Studies are conducted with XPS, TPD, and Plane Wave Density Functional Theory (DFT). The effect of surface structure is outlined by comparing the TiOj(llO) rutile surface to those of TiOjCOOl), while the effect of surface point defects is mainly discussed in the case of stoichiometric and substoichiometric UOjClll). 

The photoactivities of ultrafme Ti02 nanoparticles in anatase, rutile, or mixed phases were tested in the photocatalytic degradation of phenol [322]. For Ti02 nanoparticles, mainly in the anatase phase and mixed-phases, the photocatalytic activities increased significantly with the content of the amorphous part decreasing. The completely crystallized rutile nanoparticles exhibited size effects in this photocatalytic reaction and the photocatalytic activity of rutile-type Ti02 nanoparticles with a size of 7.2 nm was much higher than that with 18.5 nm or 40.8 nm and was comparable to that of anatase nanoparticles. 

As anticipated, the wear rate of a hard ceramic is very low. E. J. Duwell [16] reported values for single-crystal rutile sliding at 30.5 cm... 

Black, ferromagnetic crystals rutile structure, d 4.89. Metastable in air various temperatures (250-500") reported for decompu to Cr303. 

Tetragonal crystals (rutile type) Or powder. Sublimes at about 1100. d 4.09. Sparingly sol in water more sol in dil HF practically insol in alcohol, ether, benzene. 

Tetragonal crystals (rutile structure). Insol in water, nitric or cold sulfuric acid slowly dissolves in cold HC1 with evolution of Clji in presence of hydrogen peroxide or oxalic acid it dissolves in dil HjS04 or HNOj. Caution Manganese dioxide is a strong oxidizer, hence it should not be heated or rubbed with organic matter or other oxidizable substances, e.g., sulfur, sulfides, phosphides, hypophosphites, etc. LD i.v. in rabbits 45 mg/kg, Handbook of Toxicology, Vol. 1, W. S. Spector, Ed. (Saunders, Philadelphia, 1956) pp 182-183. 

Yellowish to green tetragonal crystals (rutile type), d 4.72. Sublimes in HF stream above 1000°. Slightly sol in water (4 g/100 ml at 25°). Aq solns are dec by boiling, lnso] in alcohol, ether. LDjq in mice 130 mg/kg i.v., Toxic Substances List. H- E. Christensen, Ed. (1973) p 652. 

In spite of the fact that it is unsuitable for efficient photoelectrolysis, titanium dioxide continues to attract considerable attention as a model oxide system. Attempts to dope the oxide with transition metals have met with little success, and it is clear that care must be taken to distinguish between the introduction of localized and delocalized states (see references 99 and 100). The electrochemical properties of single-crystal rutile are still being characterized in... 

A similar approach has been developed for the photocatalytic process by Kessel-man and coworkers [121]. These workers, using a single-crystal rutile rotating-disk electrode, have shown that the mixed potential, and more importantly the... 

Fig. 9 SEM photograph of single crystal rutile Ti02 surface ((001) face) after photoetching at +1.0 V versus SCE.

H. Kolem, O. Kanert, Nuclear magnetic resonance smdy of defect motion and cation diffusion in single-crystal rutile TiOa-x, Z. Metallk. 80 (1989) 227—234. 

Parkinson B, Decker F, Juliao JF, Abramovich M, Chagas HC. The reduction of molecular oxygen at single crystal rutile electrodes. Electrochim Acta 1980 25 521-5. 

A measure of the energy of the electron/hole pair may be derived from emission studies, since the wavelength of emission corresponds to the energy released on electron/hole recombination. Emission studies have been reported on Ti02 molecules in a neon matrix at 4K [1444], single-crystal rutile at 77 K and polycrystalline anatase and rutile powders at 77 K (Table 5.2) [29,97]. These results indicate that the available energy of the electron/hole pairs of photoexcited anatase is substantially greater than that of rutile [2266]. 

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