Crystal Lake

The accuracy of the estimates for Big Musky, Pallette, and Crystal Lakes depends on the accuracy of the groundwater-inflow estimate for Sparkling Lake (the index lake) and the validity of the assumptions for the index-lake method. The estimated error for groundwater inflow to Sparkling Lake, 7 cm/year (31), represents a minimum value for the errors associated with the estimates for the other lakes. Therefore, for lakes that receive relatively small amounts of estimated groundwater inflow, the relative error associated with the estimate increases and the utility of the method is reduced. 

Groundwater-inflow rates as calculated by the solute and isotope mass-balance methods for several northern Wisconsin lakes are listed in Table I. Dissolved calcium was used as the solute tracer because it is the constituent whose concentration differs the most between groundwater and precipitation, the two input components to be separated by the method. In addition, calcium is nearly conservative in the soft-water, moderately acidic to cir-cum-neutral lakes in northern Wisconsin. Results from the two methods agree relatively well, except for Crystal Lake, where groundwater-flow reversals are frequent. 

Sample Collection. Pelagic lake-water samples were collected at Crystal Lake, an engineered mesotrophic lake in Champaign County, Illinois. It has an average depth of 10 feet with a maximum depth of 13 feet and is fed by ground-water from a 200-foot-deep well. For each sample 250-500 L of water was filtered with a plankton net and stored in 55-L polyethylene (Nalgene) containers until processed in the laboratory approximately 30 min later. 

Figure 10. 31P FT-NMR spectra of Crystal Lake samples. Letters correspond to sample designations in Table I. (Continued on next page.)...

Figure 12. 31P FT-NMR spectrum of Crystal Lake sample G, 1000-dalton membrane retentate fraction, before and after alkaline bromination. The total soluble phosphorus concentration was 50 mg of P/L.

East Crystal Lake Avenue Crystal Lake, IL 60014 (815) 459-7942... 

Ti ore than 70% of the earth s surface is covered with water. Raindrop, brook, crystal lake, and surging sea are familiar examples of the liquid whose stability, solvent properties, heat capacity, and transparency to light have shaped and sustained life on our planet. 

N.A. "M-C Rotary Scythe-Conditioner — The Non-Stop Mower Conditioner," Commercial brochure, Mathews Company, 500 Industrial Ave., Crystal Lake, III., 1979. 

Vishwamitra Research Institute, Crystal Lake, IL, United States... 

Other salts crystallize. Lake Abijdata in Ethiopia has similar brines and solar ponds, but is a much smaller soda ash operation. The Sebka El Adhibate, Tunisia has about a 16 ppm Li concentration in a seawater-type brine, and after solar evaporation for potential potash production the end-liquor would contain 250-340 ppm Li (Hamzaoui et al, 2000). There are several other solar evaporation or mineral recovery projects throughout the world with end-liquors that might also be considered for potential lithium recovery. 

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