Cryoprotectant agents

Influence of Exipients Growers of Structures and Cryoprotectant Agents (CPAs)... 

Rasmussen, D., Luyet, B. Contribution to the establishment of the temperature concentration curves of homogeneous nucleation in solutions of some cryoprotective agents. Biodynamica., Vol. 11, No. 225, p. 33-44, 1970... 

Sutton, R. L. Critical cooling rates to avoid ice cristallisation in solutions of cryoprotective agents. Journ. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. Vol. 87, p. 101-106, 1991... 

Storage at low temperatures cells, treated with cryoprotective agents such as glycerol... 

Denaturation during storage at sub-zero temperatures may be minimized by use of suitable cryoprotective agents which include several families of compounds. 

B. Solid Content, Cryoprotective Agents, and Organic Solvents Used... 

In preparation for bone marrow transplantation, autologous hemopoietic stem cells are normally frozen in liquid nitrogen after harvesting. However, a cryoprotective agent is required, and dimethylsulfoxide is normally used. During and immediately after stem cell infusion, many adverse effects, which may be severe or life-threatening, have been reported. They include hypotension and hjrpertension, anaphylactic reactions, and cardiac and respiratory failure, all possibly due to dimethylsulfoxide, hemolysis induced by cryopreservation and thawing, and fluid overload. 

The protective effect of the surfactant can be compromised by lyophilization [48], It has been found that, to prevent an increase in particle size, the lipid content of the SLN dispersion should not exceed 5%. Direct contact of lipid particles is decreased in diluted samples. Furthermore, diluted SLN dispersions will also have higher sublimation velocities and a higher specific surface area [49], The addition of cryoprotectors will be necessary to decrease SLN aggregation and to obtain a better redispersion of the dry product. Typical cryoprotective agents are sorbitol, mannose, trehalose, glucose, and polyvinylpyrrolidone. 

MSG is also an effective cryoprotective agent for myosin, HMM, LMM, and actin that have been isolated from carp muscle (63,64). Collectively, these results suggest that the cryoprotective effect of MSG extends to each constituent protein and each subunit of the myofibrils. 

Controlling freeze denaturation, which appeared very difficult only a short time ago, is now within reach as far as minced muscle is concerned. MSG has proved to be an especially effective cryoprotective agent. Still to be accomplished is the control of protein denaturation in intact fish muscle. 

USE Cryoprotective agent for erythrocytes. therap cat Plasma volume extender. 

Equilibration time (time from addition of cryoprotective agent to time freezing program is started) is 0. 

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