Temperature 117 cryogenic

ASTM D2557-98 Standard test method for strength properties of adhesives in shear by tension loading in the temperature range from -267.8 to-55°C. 

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This copolymer has useful properties from cryogenic temperatures to 180°C. Its dielectric constant is low and stable over a broad temperature and frequency range. 

A, 5A, and 13X zeoHtes are the predorninant adsorbents for CO2 removal by temperature-swing processes. The air fed to an air separation plant must be H2O- and C02-ftee to prevent fouling of heat exchangers at cryogenic temperatures 13X is typically used here. Another appHcation for 4A-type zeoHte is for CO2 removal from baseload and peak-shaving natural gas Hquefaction faciHties. 

Handling and Safety Factors. Oxygen difluoride can be handled easily and safely in glass and in common metals such as stainless steel, copper, aluminum. Monel, and nickel, from cryogenic temperatures to 200°C (4). At higher temperatures only nickel and Monel are recommended. The compatibihty of OF2 with process equipment depends largely on the cleanliness of the equipment contaminants such as dkt, moisture, oil, grease, scale... 

PCTFE plastic is compatible withHquid oxygen, remains ductile at cryogenic temperatures (16—22), and retains its properties when exposed to either uv or gamma radiation. PCTFE exhibits a refractive iadex of 1.43 (ASTM D542) and an amorphous sheet can provide over 90% transmittance. 

Properties. Table 1 hsts many of the physical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of indium. The highly plastic nature of indium, which is its most notable feature, results from deformation from mechanical twinning. Indium retains this plasticity at cryogenic temperatures. Indium does not work-harden, can endure considerable deformation through compression, cold-welds easily, and has a distinctive cry on bending as does tin. 

Polyurethane, PVC, and extruded polystyrene provide the bulk of the cellular plastics used for low and cryogenic temperature appHcations. In some cases, eg, the insulation of Hquid hydrogen tanks on space systems, foams have been reinforced with continuous glass fibers throughout the matrix. This improves strength without affecting thermal performance significantly. 

Other developments include the attainment of high permeabiUty at cryogenic temperatures (23) for shielding appHcations inside Hquid nitrogen or helium chambers, and temperature stabiHty of near room temperature (24) which is requited in earth-leak transformers. 

The Gifford-McMahon cryocooler consists of displacer, regenerator, compressor and intake/exhaust valves that can be staged to reach cryogenic temperatures. 

Distillation of Hquid hydrogen as a method for separating deuterium received early consideration (10,58) because of the excellent fractionation factor that can be attained and the relatively modest power requirements. The cryogenic temperatures, and the requirement that the necessarily large hydrogen feed be extremely pure (traces of air, carbon monoxide, etc, are soHds at Hquid hydrogen temperature) have been deterrents to the use of this process (see... 

It is possible to design a hydrostatic test in such a way that it probably will be a proof test of the vessel. This usually requires, among other things, that the test be run at a temperature as low as and preferably lower than the minimum operating temperature of the vessel. Proof tests of this type are run on vessels built of ultrahigh-strength steel to operate at cryogenic temperatures. 

The apparent thermal conductivity of powder insulation at cryogenic temperatures is generally obtained from... 

Data on the thermal conductivity for a variety of foams used at cryogenic temperatures have been presented by Kropschot Cryogenic Technology, R. W. Vance, ed., Wiloy, New York, 1963, p. 239). Of aJl the foams, polyurethane and polystiyene have received the widest use at low temperatures. The major disadvantage of foams is that they tend to crack upon repeated thermal cychng and lose their insulation value. 

To extract die EPBC liquids, die plant employs a cryogenic temperature process in combination with a refluxed demedianizer process in two trains. The two turboexpander trains are die heart of die process and bodi have operated at efficiencies higher dian originally expected at die design stage. 

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