Crotalus atrox

Weldon, P. J. and Fagre, D. B. (1989). Responses by canids to scent gland secretions of the western diamondback rattlesnake [Crotalus atrox).Journal ofChemical Ecology 15,1589-1604. 

This zinc-dependent nonhemorrhagic endopeptidase [EC 3.4.24.43] isolated from the venom of the rattlesnake Crotalus atrox is a peptidase family M12B member that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the His —Leu, Ser —His, ... 

Adamalysin II Crotalus atrox, Atrolysin C lATL HiSa 3 HiSa 5 His H2O ... 

Chang M-C, Lin H-K, Peng H-C, Huang T-F Antithrombotic effect of crotalin, a platdd membrane glycr otein lb antagonist from venom of crotalus atrox. Blood 91 1582,1998... 

Fig. 5. The amino terminus of class I/II secretory phospholipases A. Schematic stereoview of the web of hydrogen bonds that stabilizes the amino terminus of class I/II enzymes (class II Crotalus atrox) (Brunie et al., 1985 Scott et al., 1992, copyrighted by the Journal of Biological Chemistry). Modification of the amino terminus (e.g., transamination) structurally disorders the adjacent helix and peptide. A Gin is almost invariant at sequence position 4. Replacement of Gln-4 with an Asn, as in the human nonpancreatic enzyme, permits small (<1 A) movements of the amino-terminal helix, which can narrow the hydrophobic channel (Scott e/a/., 1991).

Renetseder, R., Brunie, S., Dijkstra, B. W., Drenth, J., and Sigler, P. B. (1985). A comparison of the crystal structures of phospholipase As from bovine pancreas and Crotalus atrox venom.y. Biol. Chem. 260, 11627—11634. 

S.A. Sanchez, L.A. Bagatolli, E. Gratton, and T. L. Hazlett. A two-photon view of an enzyme at work Crotalus atrox venom PLA2 interaction with single-lipid and mixed-lipid giant unilamellar vesicles. Biophys. J., 2002, 82, 2232-2243. 

The racemic ( )-3TC 232 and other pyrimidine and pnrine analogues were resolved by varions methods (such as separation on HPLC with a chiral column, enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of its 5 -0-butanoyl ester derivative. or enzy matic resolution of its monophosphate derivative with a nucleotidase derived from Crotalus atrox venom ). Resolution of racemic thia sugar precursors lias also been described. 

Fox, J.W. and Bjamason, J.B. (1995). Atrolysins Metalloproteinases from Crotalus atrox venom. Methods Enzymol. 245 368-387. 

Hite, L.A., Shannon, J.D., Bjamason, J.B., and Fox, J.W. (1992). Sequence of a cDNA clone encoding the zinc metalloproteinase hemorrhagic toxin e from crotalus atrox evidence for signal, zymogen, and disintegrin-like structures. Biochemistry 37 6203-6211. 

Naja naja sputatrix Scorpio mounts Crotalus atrox... 

Chiszar, D, Walters, A, Urbaniak, J., Smith, H. M., and Mackessy, S. P., 1999b, Discrimination between envenomated and nonenvenomated prey by Western diamondback rattlesnakes (Crotalus atrox). Chemosensory consequences of venom, Copeia 1999 640-648. 

Gillingham, J. C., and Clark, D. L., 1981, An analysis of prey searching behavior in the western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox), Behav. Neural Bio. 32 235-240. 

Tinkle, D. W., 1962, Reproductive potential and cycles in female Crotalus atrox from northern Texas, Copeia, 1962 306. 

Landreth, H. F., 1973, Orientation and behavior of the rattlesnake Crotalus atrox, Copela, 1973 26. 

One-pot and two-step hydrolysis of bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate (BNP) to inorganic phosphate by a combined use of natural phosphatase (phosphodiesterase I (PDE) from Crotalus atrox (EC 3.1.4.1)) and (42) + was successful, suggesting the biocompatibility of supramolecular catalysts for the chemoenzymatic synthesis and bioorthogonal reactions in flasks, living cells, and/or bodies. 

Castoe, T.A., Spencer, C.L., and Parkinson, C.L. (2007) Phylogeographic structure and historical demography of the western diamondback rattlesnake Crotalus atrox) A perspective on North American desert biogeography. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 42 193-212. 

One of the initial routes considered for the preparation of isomers was the enzymatic resolution using 5 -nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase that would allow access to both enantiomers, racemic compound. The chemically synthesized monophosphate derivative ( )-121 was resolved using 5 -nucleotidase from Crotalus atrox venom, and the resulting mixture was separated by chromatography and purified on silica gel to give (+)-123 with a 90% ee. Hydrolysis of the remaining monophosphate (-)-122 with alkaline phosphatase from E. coli afforded Epivir [155]. 

The third type of myonecrotic toxins is the type of toxins that possesses both hemorrhagic and myonecrotic actions. Examples are viriditoxin (Fabiano and Tu, 1981), HTb from Crotalus atrox (Ownby et al., 1978), and a hemorrhagic factor from Vipera aspis aspis (Komori and Sugihara, 1988). 

Bjamason, J. B., and Tu, A. T. (1978). Hemorrhagic toxins from western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) venoms Isolation and characterization of five toxins and the role of zinc in hemorrhagic toxin e. Biochemistry 17 3395-3404. 

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