Cross with acrylate

Next, palladadihydrofuran intermediate 51 is trapped by the cross-coupling reagents leading to compounds 47-49. For example, the palladium species 51 can then form the intermediate 52 in a subsequent Heck reaction with acrylate, which leads to the final spirocycles 49a and 49b and Pd(0) in a p-hydride elimination [61]. It is necessary for the catalytic cycle that Pd(0) is reoxidized to Pd(II) this is achieved by the addition of Cu(OAc)2, which does not interfere with the course of the reaction. 

A new type of triaryl phosphine-functionalized imidazolium salt containing cations such as (6) has been prepared. Palladium complexes of (6) generated in situ have been used successfully in Heck-type reactions of aryl halides with acrylates and of 4-bromotoluene with styrene derivatives.34 The first Heck-type reaction of aryl halides with allenes has been reported. 1,3-Double arylations were observed with 3-substituted-l,2-allenyl sulfones, while 1-monoarylation was favoured with 3,3-disubstituted-l,2-allenyl sulfones.35 It has been shown that the a-arylation of methane-sulfonamides (7) may be achieved using palladium catalysis reaction proceeds through the sulfonamide enolates.36 It is also reported that palladium cross-coupling of alkynes with /V - (3 - i odophe n y I an i I i ncs) may lead to the formation of substituted carbazoles.37... 

Pyrazolo[l,2- ]pyrazole systems 166 can be obtained by the reaction of hydrazine with acrylic esters (Scheme 99) <2001J(P2)243, CHEC-III(12.10.12.1)406>. The betaines 167 reacts with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate to give products 168 which easily undergo thermal fragmentation to 169 followed by another cycloaddition to form 170 (Scheme 100) <1981JA7743>. Criss-cross addition of azines, e.g. 171, also involves two successive 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions to give pyrazolo[l,2-. 

Superabsorbents. Water-swellable polymers are used extensively in consumer articles and for industrial applications. Most of these polymers are cross-linked acrylic copolymers of metal salts of acrylic acid and acrylamide or other monomers such as 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid. These hydrogel forming systems can have high gel strength as measured by the shear modulus (134). Sometimes inorganic water-insoluble powder is blended with the polymer to increase gel strength (135). Patents describe processes for making cross-linked polyurethane foams which contain superabsorbent polymers (136,137). 

Small amounts of specially functionalized monomers are often copolymerized with acrylic monomers in order to modify or improve the properties of the polymer. These functional monomers can bring about improvements either directly or by providing sites for further reaction with metal ions, cross-linkers, or other compounds and resins. Table 9 lists some of the more common functional monomers used in the preparation of acrylic copolymers. 

CNC THICKENER 60 is an acid-containing, cross-linked acrylic emulsion copolymer. When the emulsion is diluted with water and neutralized with a base, each emulsion particle swells greatly. The emulsion then becomes highly viscous. 

Floor-care polymers are based on pure acrylics or styrene acrylics, cross-linked with metals (e.g. zinc). Floor polishes formulated with acrylics have a number of advantages, as listed below ... 

Choi and co-workers [579] studied the reactivity of vinyl-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of undec-lO-ene-1-thiol on gold (see Fig. 6.32) toward olefin cross-metathesis (CM). Vinyl groups on SAMs were successfully converted into a, P-unsaturated carbonyl groups by CM with acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, and acrylamide. Result shows that various useful functional groups can be introduced to SAMs on gold (and other solid surfaces) by olefin CM and suggests an alternative to the S3mthesis of desired molecules in solution [579]. 

The 1,2-thiaphospholes (20) react thermally with norbornadiene, norbornene, or diethyl azo-dicarboxylate to produce double Diels Alder cycloadducts (24) and (25). With mixtures of norbornadiene and methyl acrylate or acrylonitrile, crossed double Diels-Alder cycloadducts are obtained. In the presence of AICI3 the 1,2-thiaphospholes (20) react with acrylic esters, acrylonitrile or methyl vinyl ketone to give tandem Diels-Alder/Michael adducts such as (26). The AICI3-promoted reaction of (20) with ethyl propiolate affords with the elimination of a sulfur atom the stable phosphinine (27) (Scheme 4) <94BCJ2785>. 

Cossy et al. demonstrated that, in the presence of the ruthenium catalyst 10 and Pt02, the tandem cross-metathesis—hydrogenation—cyclization reactions of the alkenol 19 with acrylic acid 20 or acrolein 21 under H2 atmosphere gave the lactone 22 or lactol 23, respectively (Scheme 8).89 The ruthenium catalyst 10 and Pt02 are compatible under the reaction conditions. 

Bisomer 2HPMA EINECS 248-666-3 HSDB 597 Hydroxypropyl methxrylate 2-Hydroxypropyl meth-xrylate Methacrylic acid, ester with 1,2-propanediol Methacrylic acid, monoester with propane-1,2-diol 1,2-Propanediol, monomethxrylate 2-Prop-enoic acid, 2-methyl-, monoester with 1,2-propanediol 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-hydroxymethylethyl ester Propylene glycol monomethacrylate Rocryl 410. Mixture of isomers. Monomer for cross-linkable acrylic resins, nonwoven fabric binders, detergent lube oil additives. BP Chem. Dajac Labs. Rohm Haas Co. 

Because the free radical initiated graft reaction can also lead to the cross-linking of polyethylene, copolymers of ethylene and with acrylic acid (184,185), glycidyl methacrylate (184,186), methacrylic acid and 10-undecenoic acid (187-189) were synthesized to compatibilize polyethylene/polyamide blends. The poly (ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) ionomers neutralized by sodium (184) and zinc (45,118,190-192) has also used as compatibilizers. High energy irradiation, used to modify the surface of fibers or films at beginning, was also used to compatibilize the polyethylene/polyamide blends (193-196). 

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