Cross-section mapping

V2 x,y) at different z positions. Alternating flow direction of the secondary flow at different depth in the x-y plane can be clearly visualized. The inset in Fig. 6o is a cross-sectional mapping of secondary flow velocity V (y,z) in the y-z plane at the center of the channel as indicated by the white line. The velocity field at the y-z plane shows a pair of counterrotating vortices. This result clearly demonstrates that ODT can be used to image and quantify secondary flow [15]. 

When the downstream dam site is considered, the retained reservoir level will be 2475 a.s.l. The specified phreatic surface in this model was selected to be the same level of water damming. The colluvium and heavily weathered bedrock were considered to be permeable while the bedrock was assumed to be impermeable. The shear strength parameters of the saturated deposit are selected as 0.7 times of the dry condition referring to the research of Liu (2009). The hydrostatic pressure on the slope was also considered. Figure 9 shows the pore pressure of the colluvium and the phreatic line can be obtained from the result. Figure 10 illustrates the displacement contour and vectors after 1000 iteration steps. Figure 11 shows the cross sectional map of the displacement in Y direction after partial saturation. It can be concluded that, unlike the seismic condition, the... 

Figure 8. Cross-sectional map of displacement in Y direction under seismic conditions.

Figure 10.12 (a) Peak intensity map of a sample that features defects localized at the tablet surface and (b) corresponding cross-section map. 

Figure 10.14 (a, c) Cross sections in the y-direction of two coated tablets and (b, d) corresponding waveforms. In the cross-section maps, the coat reflections are in red and the coat-core interface appears in blue, (a) The first sample features a succession... 

Figure 10.15 Cross-section maps for a center band of (a) tablet 1 and (b) tablet 2. The thick red lines indicate the outer tablet surface, whereas blue lines indicate...

Figure 10.16 (a) Peak intensity map of a location, (c) Terahertz waveform from the tablet showing a surface defect identified as area where the defect occurs that can be a green circular zone at the center top of the compared to (d) a waveform extracted from map. In (b), the cross-section map confirms a nondefect area, a less intensive reflection at this particular... 

We have all used maps to orientate ourselves in an area on land. Likewise, a reservoir map will allow us to find our way through an oil or gas field if, for example we need to plan a well trajectory or If we want to see where the best reservoir sands are located. However, maps will only describe the surface of an area. To get the third dimension we need a section which cuts through the surface. This is the function of a cross section. Figure. 5.44 shows a reservoir map and the corresponding cross section. 

NRA is an effective technique for measuring depth profiles of light elements in solids. Its sensitivity and isotope-selective character make it ideal for isotopic tracer experiments. NRA is also capable of profiling hydrogen, which can be characterized by only a few other analytical techniques. Future prospects include further application of the technique in a wider range of fields, three-dimensional mapping with microbeams, and development of an easily accessible and comprehensive compilation of reaction cross sections. 

Eigure 4.30 is an example of X-ray mapping of an (In,Ga)As quantum wire structure using a TEM/STEM Philips GM20 equipped with a thermally-assisted field-emitter and a Ge EDXS detector (Tracor Northern) [4.124]. The cross-section STEM bright-... 

Fig. 4.30. Imaging of element distribution by X-ray mapping (a) cross-section STEM bright-...

Figure 9.2-2 shows a data input screen in which general characteristics are input by radio buttons and numerical data is typed. The program calculates distances to specified in.sic concentrations and other requested consequence levels automatically. Results are available in a variety of formats including cloud footprints, sideview, cross section, pool evaporation rate, concentration vs distance and heat flux contours. Figure 9.2-3 shows the calculated results as a toxic plume. superimposed on the map with and without oligomerization. 

Figure 2.44 Section of a mixing channel with a map P connecting the points of two cross-sectional planes.

Fig. 4.6.3 2D spin density images (a, c) and corresponding 2D velocity maps (b, d) along the cross section of miniaturized hemodialyzer modules of the type SMC and SPAN. The applied flow rate on the SMC module is... 

Fig. 5.1.11 MR velocity maps of a cross section through the center of a Couette cell with a 2 mm gap. The inner cylinder is rotating, (a) y component of velocity vy corresponding to the tangential direction with flow out of the plane (black) and into the plane (white).

In a later paper, Tadic et al. (2001) employed proton microbeam scans over the sample cross-section in order to establish simultaneously the spatial distribution of Li and other chemical species in the vicinity of the interface between the gel-polymer and the anode or cathode. Figure 4.27 show the result of a scan of 600 x 800 pm2 across the interface between the cathode (upper part of the map) and the gel-polymer (the lower part). 

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