Cross breeding genetics

Wigger A, Loerscher P, Weissenbacher P, Holsboer F, Landgraf R (2001) Cross-fostering and cross-breeding of HAB and LAB rats a genetic rat model of anxiety. Behav Genet... 

Hybridization The production of offspring (hybrids) from genetically unlike parents, by natural processes or by human intervention (i.e., artificial selection). In plant breeding, includes the process of cross-breeding two different varieties to produce hybrid plants. If the hybrid is more fit than either parent the condition is called hybrid vigor (or heterosis). Hybrid offspring may result from gene flow between domesticated crops and wild relatives. 

Based on genetic studies (cross-breeding) with Portulaca grandma, Trezzini and Zryd (1990) postulated that only three loci are responsible for betalain biosynthesis. While two loci control the bios)mthesis of q/do-Dopa and betalamic acid, the third controls the transport of betalamic acid into the vacuole. They proposed that the formation of betanidin (condensation of cydo-Dopa with betalamic acid) proceeds in the cytoplasm and the formation of betaxan-thins (condensation of betalamic acid with an amino acid/amine) takes place spontaneously in the plant vacuole (Trezzini, 1990). 

Gopal, J. (1998). Identification of superior parents and crosses in potato breeding programmes. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 96,287-293. 

Egg production in many countries is now highly commercialized, using breeding stock developed by a few multinational companies. For white egg production, especially in North America, the available genetic strains have been developed from the Single Comb White Leghorn. For brown egg production, the genetic strains have been developed mainly from a cross of Rhode Island Reds and Barred Plymouth Rocks. 

Plant breeding the purposeful manipulation of plant species in order to create desired genetic modifications for specific purposes. This manipulation usually involves either cross- or self-pollination, followed by artificial selection of progeny. 

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