Critical micelle concentration composition

MeutralSoluble Salts. So dium sulfate [7757-82-6] and, to a considerably lesser extent, sodium chloride [7647-14-5] are the principal neutral soluble salts used in laundering compositions. They are often considered to be fillers although they perform an important standardizing function enabling the formulator to manufacture powders of a desired, controlled density. Sodium sulfate, in addition, lowers the critical micelle concentration of organic surfactants and thus the concentration at which effective washing can be achieved. 

Like other emulsifiers, an EUP forms micelles at a critical micelle concentration (CMC). For comonomer-free EUP-emulsions of the (MA+HD)- type the CMC is about 5 X 10"4 g/ml [115,118]. The CMC depends on the composition and chain length of the polyester, the presence of an electrolyte [118] and the temperature. 

The variation of the mixture critical micelle concentration (CMCf ) with temperature and with overall surfactant composition has been studied using ultrafiltration for two binary mixed nonionic/anionic systems. 

Figure 2. CMC s for 3((>Cxo/Nl E50 mixtures variation of the mixture critical micelle concentration with monomer phase composition for mixtures of decyl benzene sulfonate with a nonyl phenol ethyoxy-late having an ethylene oxide chain length of 50, at 27 °C.

On the other hand, we showed that the coii5>osition of surfactant in a mixed adsorbed film can be estimated thermodynamically from experimental results without introducing such a supposition (9-11). Further, the composition of a mixed micelle was calculated assuming that the micelle behaves thermodynamically like a macroscopic bulk phase whose thermodynamic quantities are given by the excess thermodynamic quantities similar to those used for the adsorbed film (i8). Therefore, we can now compare the composition of surfactant in the mixed adsorbed film with that in the mixed micelle at the critical micelle concentration (CMC). 

Figure 7. Critical micelle concentration vs. composition curves 1, CMC vs. X 2, CMC vs. 3, CMC VS.

Critical Micelle Concentration. Figure 1 shows the cmc as a function of the surfactant composition, a, defined as. 

The results are presented in Figure 2 where the surfactant composition in the micelles is plotted as a function of the total surfactant composition at the critical micelle concentration of the mixture. The figure reveals a strong enrichment of NP-EOin the micelles. 

In experiments with rhodamine C mainly two types of curves (Figures 4 a, b, c, d) were constructed the first is characterized by fast colloid dissolution of dye and the solution stability (e.g., curves 2b, 3b) the other - by a longer stabilization period of solutions (curves 2a, 3 a), but with a sharp growth of solubilization effect for compositions in the area of the higher concentration (curve 9 a). For the compositions of the specified additives with cuccinimide the solubilization effect was more evident and the values of critical micelle concentration (CMC) were lower as compared with the features of individual substances in isooctane (Table 7). If sulfured piperylene fractions are characterized by the CMC interval of 0.05-0.45 mass.%, in the presence of 0.5 and 1.0 mass.% of cuccinimide the CMC areas correspond to the following values 0.02-0.50 and 0.01-0.50 mass.%. 

Critical micelle concentration Overall molar mass of the micelle, Mw Micelle aggregation number, Z Copolymer architecture Relative block lengths Relative geometries of copolymer blocks Polymer composition Core-corona interfacial tension... 

Color bleed alleviation was reported when employing various types of ionic or non-ionic amphiphiles in the inkjet ink composition. Color bleed is the "invasion" of one color into another on the printed surface. The amormt of amphiphUe is given relative to the critical micelle concentration (cmc). Above the cmc, micelles that sol-ubiUze the dye molecules form and thus control the color bleeding phenomenon. Below the cmc, free amphiphiles are present with no micelle formation, and thus they have no control over the color bleeding. 

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