CREB cAMP

Adenovirus transcription factor (ATF) is a protein activated by the adenovirus protein E2a and has turned out to be CREB (cAMP-responsive, element-binding protein) Jun is named for avian sarcoma virus 17 (I am told that junana is 17 in Japanese). 

This list is not intended to be comprehensive but to indicate the wide array of neuronal proteins regulated by phosphorylation. Some of the proteins are specific to neurons but most are present in many cell types in addition to neurons and are included because their multiple functions in the nervous system include the regulation of neuron-specific phenomena. Not included are the many phosphoproteins present in diverse tissues, including brain, that play a role in generalized cellular processes, such as intermediary metabolism, and that do not appear to play a role in neuron-specific phenomena. NMDA, N-methyl-D-aspartate CREB, cAMP response element-binding proteins STAT, signal-transducing activators of transcription ... 

CBP CREB (cAMP-response element binding protein)-binding protein... 

Abbreviations CBP, CREB binding protein CREB, cAMP response element binding protein FAT, factor acetyltransferase HAT, histone acetyltransferase MEL, mixed lineage leukaemia protein MORE, MOZ related factor MOZ, monocytic leukaemia zinc finger protein PHD, plant homeodomain RTS, Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, TIE, transcription intermediary factor... 

One mechanism by which CBP and p300 could contribute to neuronal survival is through the transcription factor CREB (cAMP response element binding protein). Normally, activated CBP binds to CREB and acetylates the latter at three putative acetylation sites within its activation domain (Lu et al, 2003). It has been proposed... 

When the creation of long-term memories— repeated stimulations interrupted by rest periods—was simulated in this preparation by repeated pulses of serotonin, anatomical changes occurred. Specifically, new synaptic connections were created. It is likely that there are two underlying components to formation of new synaptic connections. One is local protein synthesis in the nerve terminal and the other is CREB (cAMP response element binding) dependent transcription in the neuronal nucleus. Of course, serotoiun pulses also stimulated the release of glutamate. So now the question is how repeated pulses of serotonin are related to protein synthesis and formation of new synapses. 

BCNU carmustine CREB cAMP response element-binding... 

Nonreceptor kinases, such as protein kinase A, also regulate transcription factors through phosphorylation. Many hormones generate the second messenger cAMP, which activates protein kinase A. Activated protein kinase A enters the nucleus and phosphorylates the transcription factor CREB (cAMP response element binding protein). CREB is constitutively bound to the DNA response element CRE (cAMP response element) and is activated by phosphorylation. Other hormone signaling pathways, such as the MAP kinase pathway, also phosphorylate CREB (as well as many other transcription factors). 

In addition to these short-term regulatory processes, a long-term process involves alterations in the amounts of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine (3-hydroxylase present in nerve terminals. When sympathetic neuronal activity is increased for a prolonged period, the amounts of mRNA coding for tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine p-hydroxylase are increased in the neuronal perikarya (the cell body of the neuron). The increased gene transcription may be the result of phosphorylation of CREB (cAMP response element binding protein see Chapter 26) by... 

AP-1, activator protein 1 COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2 CREB, cAMP responsive element binding protein FAK, focal adhesion kinase FOG, zinc finger protein, multitype 2 GM- 2 a... 

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