Creativity in

While resoles account for most of the volume in phenolic products, novolacs account for most of the diversity. They are used in a wide variety of applications. They also tend to be significantly more expensive than resoles. The higher cost and pricing structure permits more creativity in their formulation. Many novolacs are made in small volumes and are formulated for very specific purposes. It is, therefore, rather difficult to make meaningful generalizations about novolacs beyond a few basic concepts. 

J. S. Bindra and R. Bindra, Creativity in Organic Synthesis (Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1975). 

Because the hazard is still present, there is always a danger that its potential impacts could be realized by some unanticipated route or mechanism. Nature may be more creative in inventing ways by which a hazardous event can occur than experts are in identifying them. Accidents can occur by mechanisms that were unanticipated or poorly understood. 

Once they have detected patterns, scientists develop hypotheses, possible explanations of the laws—or the observations—in terms of more fundamental concepts. Observation requires careful attention to detail, but the development of a hypothesis requires insight, imagination, and creativity. In 1807, John Dalton interpreted experimental results to propose the hypothesis that matter consists of atoms. Although Dalton could not see individual atoms, he was able to imagine them and formulate his atomic hypothesis. Dalton s hypothesis was a monumental insight that helped others understand the world in a new way. The process of scientific discovery never stops. With luck and application, you may acquire that kind of insight as you read through this text, and one day you may make your own extraordinary hypotheses. 

During the 28th International Symposium on Combustion in 2000, Irvine Classman spoke about the importance of research in the area of combustion science to modem society in his Hottel Lecture. In his message he appealed to the combustion community to contribute to the solution of real issues and to be more creative in solving economic, social, and environmental problems. 

D. Seebach and his coworkers have employed nltrosamlnes creatively In a number of synthetic trans format Ions. Among... 

Arshady, R. Polymer Synthesis via Activated Esters A New Dimension of Creativity in Macro-molecular Chemistry. VoL 111, pp, 1-42. 

To better understand the critical role of oligosaccharide-receptor interactions and their molecular mechanisms through the cluster-effect, and thus access optimized synthetic ligands, several research groups have shown creativity in proposing original multivalent platforms that could allow for tailored valencies, dimensions, and epitope orientations. 

I can avoid the next crash. I look beyond the problems to see the challenges or benefits or a door that I can open. I have to be a little bit creative in problem solving. There are alternatives for everything. You don t have to do things in the same way that you ve always done them. For example, people say, I have to use pesticides, I live in Louisiana and we have flying roaches Well, I lived in Louisiana for twelve years before we moved, and I have not used pesticides since 1985, and I don t have pests in my house. 

This does not mean that there is no creativity in implementation. Rather, it means that any level of refinement involves a set of constraining design decisions that define a limited and consistent toolbox of techniques for downstream work. To continue our lower-level example, use your creativity to address the problems that matter rather than come up with your own convention for dealing with get and set methods. 

Down to the primitive constructs of your programming language you could almost certainly be more creative in assembler. 

RM In 1983 you moved to Germany, first to Bermer-sheim and then to Wiesbaden. For a long time you did commissioned works. What happens to freedom and independent creativity in such a situation ... 

Be wary of choosing a famous person as an influence. The admissions officers have read many essays about Martin Luther King, Mother Theresa, and Charles Lindbergh. If you write about a famous person, you need to get highly creative in your explanation of how he or she influenced you. Successful essays on this topic typically center on someone known personally to the... 

This first step, Concept Development, is one of the most creative, in which ideas are generated in an unconstrained atmosphere, keeping customer needs in mind. In this step, customer requests are translated into product requirements. Through an iterative process, the requirements are reviewed with the customers and refined as necessary. Product concepts are generated to achieve these... 

Arthur Hantzsch at Wurzburg had difficulty getting his papers published because organic chemists editing the Berichte of the German Chemical Society insisted on the use of classical chemical methods for establishing the identity of a compound rather than methods of cryoscopy or spectroscopy. See Jeffrey Johnson, "Hierarchy and Creativity in Chemistry, 18711914," Osiris, 2d ser., 5 (1989) 214240, on 234. 

GEN. 173.1. Prigogine, Science et creativite (Science and creativity), in Irrealisme etArtModeme,... 

GEN. 185. I. Prigogine, Creativity in the Sciences and the Humanities. A study in the relation between the two cultures, in The Creative Process, L. Gustafsson, S. Howard, and L. Niklasson, eds., Swedish Ministry of Education, Stockholm, 1993. 

What strategies will you use to demonstrate your creativity in a research proposal ... 

Goldenberg, J. and D. Mazursky. 2002. Creativity in Product Innovation. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. 

Finally, when we need accurate predictions of a chemical reactor, we must do the complete simulations by solving the differential equations written at the start of this chapter. This almost always requires numerical solutions. However, whenever we are dealing with complex systems (which environmental and biological population problems certainly are), we must always resort to approximations and intuition. A wrong or inadequate set of approximations can lead to inaccurate or nonsensical solutions, and we must always be creative in our models and skeptical of our calculations. 

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