Hantzsch, Arthur

Haber, Fritz, 129 Haller, Albin, 141, 148 Hammett, Louis, 221, 247, 271 Hannaway, Owen, 60 Hantzsch, Arthur, 54 Harcourt, Vernon, 120, 180, 275 Harkins, William, 239 Harman, Peter, 37... 

ARTHUR RUDOLF HANTZSCH great chemist and teacher and pioneer of thiazole chemistry... 

While there are a number of related reactions that can assemble the pyridine nucleus, the oldest of these classical reactions is due to Arthur Hantzsch. In 1882 he reported the first synthesis of l,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates from a refluxing... 

The first synthesis of a 1,4-dihydropyridine, which is known as the Hantzsch ester, is attributed to Arthur Hantzsch (1882LA1, 1885CB1744). Since then,... 

As the present author was a student at the Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule in Zurich (1939-1945) and has been there as Professor since 1960, it may be mentioned that Arthur Hantzsch (1857-1935) was also a Professor at ETH (1885-1893) and that Emil Bamberger (1857-1932) was his successor (1893-1905). Hantzsch s stereochemical interpretation of the isomeric diazoates was based on his cooperation with Alfred Werner (University of Zurich, founder of stereochemistry, Nobel prize 1913), when Hantzsch was at ETH (see Sec. 7.1 and Zollinger, 1992). 

Arthur Hantzsch at Wurzburg had difficulty getting his papers published because organic chemists editing the Berichte of the German Chemical Society insisted on the use of classical chemical methods for establishing the identity of a compound rather than methods of cryoscopy or spectroscopy. See Jeffrey Johnson, "Hierarchy and Creativity in Chemistry, 18711914," Osiris, 2d ser., 5 (1989) 214240, on 234. 

Bischler, A. Napieralski, B. Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1893, 26, 1903. Augustus Bis-chler (1865—1957) was born in South Russia. He studied in Zurich with Arthur Hantzsch. He discovered the Bischler-Napieralski reaction while studying alkaloids at Basel Chemical Works, Switzerland with his coworker, B. Napieralski. 

Sandmeyer, T. Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1884, 17, 1633. Traugott Sandmeyer (1854—1922) was bom in Wettingen, Switzerland. He apprenticed under Victor Meyer and Arthur Hantzsch although he never took a doctorate. He later spent 31 years at the firm J. R. Geigy, which is now part of Novartis. 

In his Ph.D. thesis, a joint project with Arthur Hantzsch, Werner showed that trivalent nitrogen (i.e., nitrogen with three valence bonds) could form... 

Arthur Hantzsch. 1857-1935,.ttje fiery stereochemist of Leipzig, la most famous for the work he did with Werner at theETH in Zurich where Jn 1890 he.. suggested that oximes could exist in els and trans forms. 

Fig. 2.18 Alfred Werner (1866-1919) is usually described as the founder of coordination chemistry. Werner did his Ph.D. in 1889 with Professor Arthur Hantzsch and, after spending one semester with Marcellin Berthelot at the College de France at Paris, returned to the ETH at Zurich to finish his Habilitation in 1892. One year later, he became Associate Professor at the University of Zurich and was promoted as Professor of Chemistry in 1895. Remarkably, despite the widespread attention for his groundbreaking coordination theory, he was not permitted to give the basic lecture in inorganic chemistry before 1902. Werner attracted students from all over the world, supervised 230 Ph.D. theses and was the first Swiss to receive the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1913. In his famous book Valence and the Structure of Atoms and Molecules , published in 1923, Gilbert N. Lewis wrote ...in attempting to clarify the fundamental ideas of valence, there is no work to which I feel so much personal indebtedness as to this of Werner s (photo from Helv. Chim. Acta 75, 21-61 (1992) reproduced with permission of Dr. Kisaktirek, Editor of Helvetica Chimica Acta)...

I decided to go to Zurich to study under Werner. When I arrived I heard that the great professor was leaving in a few days for the University of Wurzburg. So I changed my plans and went to Leipzig to study under Werner s teacher and lifelong friend, Arthur Hantzsch. Later I learned that Werner had not left Zurich after all. 

His concepts were not easily accepted by his contemporaries, and authors of inorganic chemistry books often ignored his descriptions of isomeric behavior. His admirers were greatly augmented after he received the Nobel Prize. The one man who always stood by him and encouraged him was Arthur Hantzsch. 

Hibbert now decided to study abroad for his doctorate, and he arrived at the University of Leipzig in October, 1904, to work under Professor Arthur Hantzsch on addition products of trialkyl derivatives of arsines, phosphines, and stibines. Hibbert published an article on the preparation of the trialkyl derivatives (by means of the Grignard reaction) in Berichte for 1906, and, in the following year, he and Hantzsch described the addition products in the same Journal. In 1906, Hibbert was awarded the Ph. D. degree mmma cum laude by the University of Leipzig. During his two years... 

Betweeu 1890 and 1893, Werner produced the three most important theoretical papers of his career. His doctoral dissertation (1890, cowritten with his teacher Arthur Hantzsch), a true classic of science writing on the topic of stereochemistry, extended Joseph Achille Le Bel and Jacobus Hen-ricus van t Hoffs concept of the tetrahedral carbon compound (1874) to the nitrogen compound. It explained many puzzling paradoxes of geometrically isomeric, trivalent nitrogen compounds and placed nitrogen compound stereochemistry on a firm theoretical basis. 

The first synthesis of thiazole was described by Arthur Hantzsch in 1887. This reaction in its most fundamental form as well as other forms with variations has been widely applied in the construction of a variety of molecules since then. In its most basic form, the reaction is illustrated in the scheme below and involves the use of an a-halocarbonyl compound with reactants comprising the N-C-S linkage. 

---